DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
READ ALL THE NOTES CHAPTER WISE
SUBJECT : MJ–14 (Th): CLOUD COMPUTING
FOR B. Sc. IT SEM 6 F.Y.U.G.P.
Copyright © by Dr. Ajay kumar pathak
B. Sc. IT. SEMESTER 6 NOTES BASED ON NEP
SUBJECT : MJ–14 (Th): CLOUD COMPUTING
(To be selected by the students from)
Course Learning and Outcomes:- Know about the logics and algorithms needed for computer programming
UNIT 2:- TYPES OF CLOUD SERVICES AND PROVIDERS
OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this course is to provide graduate students with the comprehensive and in-depth knowledge of Cloud Computing concepts, technologies, architecture and applications by introducing and researching state-of-the-art in Cloud Computing fundamental issues, technologies, applications and implementations.
Learning Outcome:-
· After completion of this course, a student will be able to–
· Understand the key dimensions of the challenges and benefits of Cloud Computing.
· Describe the principles of Parallel and Distributed Computing and evolution of cloud computing from existing technologies
· Implement different types of Virtualization technologies and Service Oriented Architecture systems.
· Choose among various cloud technologies for implementing applications.
· Install and use current cloud technologies.
Semester Examination and Distribution of Marks
End Semester Examination (ESE) : 75 Marks
-: NOTES READ FROM HERE :-
Sabse pehle clear baat :- Cloud
Computing ka matlab “badal (cloud)” me data store karna nahi hota. , Data
hamesha real physical computers (servers) me hi store hota hai., “Cloud” sirf ek naam (metaphor) hai, asli badal
nahi hai☁,
Phir “Cloud” word kyun use hota hai?:- Purane time me jab internet ka
diagram banaya jata tha, to network ko badal
ke symbol se dikhate the. , Isliye jo cheez internet ke through access hoti hai,
usko log cloud bolne
lage.
NOTES FROM HERE
UNIT 2:- TYPES OF CLOUD SERVICES AND PROVIDERS
TYPES OF CLOUD
COMPUTING SERVICES / CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICES / TYPES OF CLOUD SERVICE MODELS :-
Cloud
computing services are classified into five main types, collectively known as
the cloud computing stack:-
(1) Software as a service (SaaS)
(2) Platform as a service (PaaS)
(3) Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
(4) Anything/Everything as a Service (XaaS)
(5) Function as a Service (FaaS)
(6) Database
as a Service (DBaaS)
(7) Monitoring
as a Service (MaaS)
(8) Communication
as a Service (CaaS)
(1) Software as a service (SaaS):- Software as a Service (SaaS) is the cloud service model that provides you access to a completed software product, run and managed by the service provider. Most SaaS solutions tend to be end-user applications.
Accessing your chosen software
using a SaaS model frees you to focus only on how to best utilize that
software. With the SaaS provider responsible for providing, maintaining, and
upgrading the software – including the underlying infrastructure.
A common SaaS example is a
web-based customer relationship management (CRM) solution. You store and manage
all your contacts via CRM without having to upgrade the software to the latest
version or maintaining the server and operation system the software is running
on.
Advantages of SaaS:-
i.
Cost-effective:
Pay only for the services used.
ii. Quick deployment: No installation or configuration
required.
iii. High accessibility: Data can be accessed from any
device with internet.
iv. Automatic updates: Updates are handled by the
provider.
v. Scalable: Resources and features can be adjusted on
demand.
Disadvantages of
SaaS:-
i.
Limited
customization: Less flexibility compared to on-premises software.
ii. Internet dependency: Requires a stable internet
connection.
iii. Security risks: Potential risk of data breaches.
iv. Reduced data control: Data is managed by the service
provider.
SaaS features / components :-
(i) Cloud-based architecture:- SaaS applications are designed to run in the cloud.
Vendors can host these applications on their own infrastructure or use
established cloud providers, but relying on established providers enables SaaS
developers to maximize app scalability and extend the app’s reach to a broader
customer base.
(ii) Universal accessibility:- SaaS applications are available to any user with an
internet connection and a compatible device—whether it's a computer, smartphone
or tablet. Most SaaS solutions run in web browsers, though some require users
to install dedicated mobile apps or lightweight clients on their devices.
(iii) Minimal customer maintenance:- With SaaS, customers don’t have to worry about
managing or maintaining the underlying infrastructure because the cloud provider
delivers all the critical services.
(iv) Integration tools:- Many providers offer APIs that enable customers to
integrate SaaS solutions with other cloud-based web applications or on-premises
software systems (connecting an e-commerce site with a "buy now, pay
later" platform, for instance).
(2) Platform as a service (PaaS):- Platform as a Service (PaaS) is the cloud service
model where you access combined hardware and software tools through a service
provider. PaaS is most commonly used for application development.
A PaaS provider gives you
access to the combined cloud infrastructure required for application
development – databases, middleware, operating systems, servers – without the
underlying complexity of managing it. This allows you to become more efficient.
Instead of spending time installing and configuring infrastructure, you are
instead focused only on developing, running, and managing applications.
Advantages of PaaS:-
i.
Simple and
convenient: No infrastructure management required.
ii. Cost-effective: Pay only for resources used.
iii. Full lifecycle support: Helps in building, testing,
deploying, and updating applications.
iv. Higher efficiency: Reduces development complexity and
time.
Disadvantages of
PaaS:-
i.
Limited infrastructure
control: Restricted customization options.
ii. Provider dependency: Availability and reliability
depend on the vendor.
iii. Limited flexibility: Not suitable for all application
types.
PaaS components:-
(i) Cloud infrastructure:- Cloud infrastructure is the backbone of any PaaS
system. It includes VMs, OSs, storage and security features, such as firewalls
and encryption.
(ii) Application management tools:- PaaS provides tools for creating, launching and
managing software products. In PaaS environments, applications are often
created using middleware that streamlines workflows and enables multiple
development and operations teams to work on the same project at once.
(iii) Graphical user interfaces (GUIs):- GUIs are user-friendly dashboards where development
or DevOps teams can manage their work throughout the application lifecycle.
They serve as the main point of interaction between developers and a PaaS
environment. With PaaS, all standard development tools are available through a
GUI, enabling developers to log in from anywhere, collaborate on projects, test
new applications and release finished products.
(3) Infrastructure as a service (IaaS):- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is the service
model that forms the foundation for your cloud technology deployment. Through
an IaaS provider, you gain on-demand access via the internet to core IT
resources including computers (virtual or dedicated hardware), networking, and
storage.
IaaS provides you with access
to a flexible state-of-the-art hardware resource that can be scaled to meet the
processing and storage needs of your business. You utilize this infrastructure
to provision your organization’s applications, software, and platforms – free
from the responsibility of managing and maintaining it.
A typical example of an IaaS
deployment will combine virtual machines and storage disks. With each
individual element customized to meet the needs of your business whether it’s
the Server OS or the size of the capacity of storage.
Advantages of IaaS:-
i.
Cost-effective:
No need to buy physical hardware.
ii. Flexible hosting: Suitable for websites and
applications.
iii. Reduced maintenance: Provider manages data centers and
hardware.
iv. Scalable: Resources can be increased or decreased as
needed.
Disadvantages of
IaaS:-
i.
Security
responsibility: Users must secure their own data and apps.
ii. Limited infrastructure control: Physical
infrastructure is provider-managed.
iii. Regional limitations: Availability may vary due to
legal or policy issues.
Types of IaaS
resources:-
(i) Compute resources:- IaaS compute engines consist of central processing
units (CPUs) for web processing and application execution, and GPUs for
high-performance workloads and system memory (RAM). Users can request computing
resources in the form of virtual machines or dedicated bare metal servers.
(ii) Bare metal servers:- Bare metal servers are physical machines that are
usually dedicated to a single customer. They give customers full control over the
hardware, and enable customers to create customized workloads. This capability
can be especially useful for workloads that require high performance, strict
compliance or minimal latency. Traditional bare metal servers lack preinstalled
hypervisors, but users can add one if necessary
(iii) Virtual servers:- Virtual servers are software-defined servers that
enable multiple VMs to share a single bare metal server. They’re ideal for
flexible, short-term workloads like development, testing and data backup. They
can help businesses optimize resource use, cut costs and quickly provision IT
resources. Enterprises often use a combination of virtual and bare metal
servers to balance performance, customization and scalability.
(iv) Networking:- Networking in IaaS is powered by software-defined
networking (SDN), which uses application programming interfaces (APIs) to
deliver virtualized routers, switches, firewalls, subnets, VPN gateways and
load balancers to users. Conversely, customers can use network APIs to securely
connect their virtual infrastructure to the internet and manage communication
between different network resources.
(v) Storage:- IaaS platforms offer several cloud storage options. Block storage, for
instance, stores data in volumes on storage area networks (SANs) or in
cloud-based storage environments. This makes block storage well-suited for use
cases that require fast, reliable data transfer. File storage enables file
sharing between multiple users by storing data in the cloud and providing
access through the internet.
(vi) Security:- Security in IaaS is based on a shared responsibility model. The
provider is responsible for securing the physical infrastructure, including
data center facilities and underlying hardware. Typically, they offer tools for
data encryption, access controls and network security, which help customers
safeguard sensitive information and reduce the risk of cyberattacks. Customers,
in turn, are responsible for securing their own applications, workloads and
data within the cloud.
(4) Anything / Everything as a Service
(XaaS):- Anything or Everything as a
Service (XaaS) is a broad cloud computing model in which a wide range of IT
services—including infrastructure, platforms, software, storage, security, and
networking—are delivered over the internet on a pay-as-you-use basis. It
represents the combination and extension of SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, and other cloud
services.
Example: A company uses AWS for
virtual servers (IaaS), Google Workspace for email and documents (SaaS), and
Firebase for backend services (PaaS). Using all these services together is an
example of XaaS.
Advantages of XaaS:-
i.
Scalable:
Services can be easily scaled as needed.
ii. Flexible: Offers a wide variety of on-demand services.
iii. Cost-effective: Users pay only for the services they
consume.
Disadvantages of
XaaS:-
i.
Provider
dependency: Service availability depends on the cloud provider.
ii. Limited flexibility: Some workloads may not be
supported.
iii. Integration issues: Compatibility with existing
systems can be challenging.
(5) Function as a Service (FaaS):- Function as a Service (FaaS) is a cloud computing
model that allows developers to run small pieces of code (functions) in
response to events without managing servers or infrastructure. The cloud
provider automatically handles resource allocation, scaling, and execution, and
users pay only for the actual execution time.
Example: When a user uploads an
image to a website, a function automatically resizes the image and stores it.
This function runs only when triggered and stops after execution—this is FaaS. Function
as a Service (FaaS), The latest
evolution in cloud computing platforms, FaaS allows developers to deploy
specific functions or code in response to events. The serverless computing
model abstracts infrastructure management, freeing developers to prioritize
coding and deliver value to end users.
Advantages of FaaS:-
i.
No server
management: Fully managed by the provider.
ii. Cost-efficient: Pay only when the function runs.
iii. Automatic scaling: Scales instantly based on demand.
iv. Fast deployment: Ideal for event-driven applications.
Disadvantages of FaaS:-
i.
Cold start
latency: Delay may occur when a function runs after being idle.
ii. Limited execution time: Not suitable for long-running
tasks.
iii. Vendor dependency: Strong reliance on the cloud
provider.
(6) Database as a Service (DBaaS):- In simple words, DBaaS means “database on rent from
the cloud.” Database as a service, or DBaaS, is
a cloud computing service that lets users access and use database software
without purchasing and setting up hardware, installing software or managing the
system themselves.
In DBaaS, the cloud provider
takes care of everything from periodic upgrades to backups to ensuring that the
database system remains available and secure 24x7.
Database hosting options are
available for all database types, including NoSQL, MySQL, and PostgreSQL.
MongoDB Atlas is one example of a NoSQL DBaaS service that is easily scalable.
The DBaaS subscription includes
everything required to operate a database in the cloud – including database
provisioning, licenses, support, and maintenance. Developers can make use of
cloud hosted APIs to build out new applications, accessing and manipulating
data programmatically. Because of this, DBaaS shares many similarities with
other SaaS subscription-based cloud offerings. As a managed service, there is
no additional overhead; you can get right to work extracting value from your
data store.
Popular Examples of
DBaaS Providers:- Amazon RDS, Google
Cloud SQL, Microsoft Azure SQL Database, MongoDB Atlas, Firebase Realtime
Database
Advantages of DBaaS :-
(1) No additional onsite hardware:- With DBaaS, the cloud computing model offers virtually
unlimited growth potential without any upfront investment. Your database can
continue to grow without concerns about reaching capacity or having to make
upfront investments in additional hardware.
DBaaS services are fully
managed too, so providers (like MongoDB) take care of infrastructure, hardware,
operating system, and software. This frees your time and your developers / data
analysts to focus on building your apps, or on extracting value from your
database, with no additional resources required to manage and maintain the
platform.
(2) Future-ready data operations :- Choosing a NoSQL database DBaaS like MongoDB Atlas
expands the potential of your big data operations. Unstructured managed
databases can be used to deliver data as a service by building an operational
data layer (ODL) on top of a NoSQL database.
(3) Rapid database deployment :- Using the Database as a Service model, extending and
improving data operations is greatly simplified. Developers can also quickly provision
databases as required, easily cloning datasets and configurations without
needing assistance from the IT infrastructure team. The provision of APIs as
part of the cloud service allows them to build the next-generation applications
that businesses need to reach their strategic goals.
(4) Automatic Backup and Recovery:- DBaaS automatically takes regular backups. If data is
lost due to failure or error, it can be restored easily, which increases data
safety.
(5) Cost Effective:- Users pay only for what they use. There is no need for
heavy upfront investment in hardware or licenses.
Disadvantages of Database as a Service (DBaaS):-
(1) Internet Dependency:-DBaaS requires a stable internet connection. If the
internet is slow or unavailable, database access becomes difficult.
(2) Limited Control:- Users have less control over database configuration
and underlying hardware compared to on-premise databases.
(3) Security Concerns:- Although cloud providers provide strong security,
some organizations hesitate to store sensitive data on third-party servers.
(4) Vendor Lock-in:- Switching from one cloud provider to another can be
difficult due to compatibility and migration issues.
(5) Long-Term Cost:- For very large and constant workloads, DBaaS may
become expensive over time compared to self-hosted
Types of Database as a Service (DBaaS):-
(i) Relational Database as a Service (RDBaaS):-
This type uses tables, rows, and columns
and follows SQL (Structured Query Language).
Example:- Amazon RDS (MySQL,
PostgreSQL, Oracle), Azure SQL Database, Google Cloud SQL
(ii) NoSQL Database as a Service:- NoSQL DBaaS is used for unstructured or
semi-structured data and offers high scalability.
Types of NoSQL DBaaS:- (a)
Document-Based DBaaS, Stores data in JSON-like documents.
Example:- MongoDB Atlas, Firebase
Firestore
(iii) In-Memory Database as a Service:- Stores data in RAM instead of disk, providing very
high speed.
Examples:- Redis Cloud, Amazon
ElastiCache.
Use Case:- Real-time analytics,
gaming leaderboards, caching.
(7) Monitoring as a Service (MaaS):- A security service called Monitoring as a Service (MaaS) guards the IT assets of any company. It is essential for protecting businesses from potential online dangers. Monitoring-as-a-Service (MaaS) refers to outsourcing security provisioning, primarily on commercial platforms that use the Internet to do business. MaaS has become more and more popular in the last decade. MaaS offers a centralized location for tracking an organization’s IT environment performance, availability, and security. MaaS enables organizations to proactively detect and address problems before they impact daily operations. Additionally, MaaS can be utilized to raise service standards and maximize resources.
MaaS is frequently offered as a
subscription-based service, with pricing determined by the number of monitors
required or the volume of data gathered. MaaS providers offer various features
and choices tailored to a company’s requirements. The rise of cloud computing
has increased interest in MaaS.
Tools for Monitoring
as a Service (MaaS):-
(i) Azure Monitor:- The devices’ data and instances in the Azure and
on-premises environments are gathered, monitored, and the necessary actions are
taken. It is quite effective and quickly locates and fixes issues. It merely
gathers information from multiple sources and logs it. This information can be
used for notifications, security checks, analysis, and other purposes. Its key
benefit is that it offers a remedy in addition to informing the user of the
problem.
(ii) AppDynamics:- Another cloud-based monitoring tool used to keep
track of all aspects of the program is called AppDynamics.
(iii) Amazon CloudWatch:- It works well with applications running on AWS. Amazon
CloudWatch makes managing these applications’ logs, alerts and troubleshooting
simple.
Advantages of Monitoring as a Service:-
(1) Cost-effective:- MaaS helps you with zero maintenance overheads. You
don’t need to invest in a network operations center and in-house IT support
staff to run the monitoring desk. It also provides a ready-to-use monitoring
tool to customers at low prices.
(2) Enhanced Security:- Monitoring services can easily detect what caused
downtime, network errors, or a malignant attack on the software/system. In an
effort to keep your business safe, MaaS providers catch unwanted attempts to
breach a company’s network.
(3) Minimal IT Concerns:- Monitoring providers not only help a business with
constant network monitoring, but they also help them offload IT services.
Managing IT concerns can cost you time and money and eventually distract the
workforce from focusing on its objectives. MaaS enables an organization to
transfer the entirety of such business aspects to a trusted safety network.
(4) Increased Productivity:- Since monitoring service providers keep a tab on the
existing hardware and software, they can ascertain what’s degraded,
inefficient, or not working as intended. MaaS Providers can also suggest what
improvements can be made to upgrade the infrastructure, which can ultimately
help enhance productivity.
(5) Cloud-Ready:- MaaS works well with cloud-based products such as
SaaS, PaaS, and also provides an apt technology fit for monitoring these cloud
offerings. This cloud awareness and readiness gives insights into resource
usage and performance metrics that can be used for cloud infrastructure
optimization.
Disadvantages of MaaS:-
(i) Dependence on Internet Connectivity:- MaaS works completely over the internet. If the
internet connection is slow, unstable, or unavailable, real-time monitoring and
alerts may not work properly. This can be risky for organizations that need
continuous monitoring, especially during critical system failures.
(ii) Data Security and Privacy Risks:- Monitoring tools collect sensitive information such
as system logs, performance data, and usage patterns. Since this data is stored
and processed on third-party cloud servers, there is always a risk of data
leakage, unauthorized access, or compliance issues, especially for government
or healthcare organizations.
(iii) Limited Control and Customization:- In MaaS, monitoring configurations and tools are
controlled by the service provider. Users may not have full control over how
monitoring is performed or how data is processed. Deep customization and
advanced monitoring features may be restricted.
(iv) Limited Offline Monitoring:- MaaS cannot function properly in offline or isolated
environments. If systems are not connected to the cloud, monitoring data cannot
be collected or analyzed in real time.
Types of MaaS:-
(i) Cloud Monitoring as a Service:- The many parts of the cloud, a volatile technology,
make monitoring laborious. It can be summarized as gathering logs and data,
managing them, and then analyzing them. On a real-time basis, management
provides a better availability and performance analysis of the services and
addresses problems before they emerge. It has a lot of different parts, like:- Database, Virtual network, Cloud Storage, Websites
/ Application monitoring
(ii) Security Monitoring as a Service:- Security monitoring is based on reviewing logs,
assessing the security of networks, and using unstructured data.
Security check requirements
include the following.
(a) It will be a reliable and
incredibly accessible source of assistance that is either open internally or
securely.
(b) The era of warnings is due
to automated recognition that a crucial security event or scenario has occurred
or been detected.
(c ) The dissemination of
important warnings via various channels so that security and the board are informed
as soon as possible.
(iii) Infrastructure Monitoring as a Service:- The use of infrastructure monitoring allows for the
collection of health and performance data from servers, virtual machines,
hardware, data sets, and other backend components. Designers can use it to
visualize, analyze, and warn on measures to determine whether a backend problem
is affecting clients.
IT experts claim and work on it
as a commercial interaction. Its goal is to collect and analyze data from the
IT infrastructure and use it to improve business outcomes and foster the
association’s reputation.
(8) Communication as a Service (CaaS):-
Utilizing Communication as a
Service (CaaS) is one-way companies are addressing these issues. Businesses can
manage their communications using a cloud-based platform provided by CaaS.
Voice, video, chat, and other means of communication are included. Businesses
may manage their communications through CaaS, which can help them save time and
money.
“Communication as a Service”
(CaaS), is offered to clients by CaaS companies and is based on cloud
computing. Nowadays, Communication is the most important factor in any
business.
Communications-as-a-Service
(CaaS) is a cloud-based delivery model that allows organizations to integrate
various communication services into their existing applications and workflows.
These services typically include voice over IP (VoIP), video conferencing,
messaging, and collaboration tools. By leveraging CaaS, businesses can
streamline their communication processes without the need for extensive
on-premises infrastructure.
Advantages of Communication as a Service (CaaS):-
(1) Enhanced Collaboration:- CaaS enables teams to collaborate
more effectively through integrated tools that facilitate real-time
communication. Whether through video calls or instant messaging, employees can
connect seamlessly, regardless of their physical location.
(2) Improved Customer Engagement:- With CaaS, businesses can
enhance customer interactions through unified communication channels. This
means customers can reach support teams via their preferred method—be it voice,
chat, or video—leading to improved satisfaction and loyalty.
(3) Customers who use a CaaS vendor’s
services are not required to spend money or time administering the CaaS
components.
(4) Reduced IT Burden:- By outsourcing communication services to
a CaaS provider, organizations can free up their IT teams from managing complex
communication systems. This allows IT resources to focus on strategic
initiatives rather than routine maintenance.
(5) Future-Proofing:- As technology continues to advance, CaaS
providers regularly update their platforms with the latest features and
security measures. This ensures that businesses can stay competitive without
the hassle of constant upgrades.
Disadvantages of
Communication as a Service (CaaS):-
(1) Dependence on Internet Connectivity:- CaaS completely depends on a stable and high-speed
internet connection. If the internet is slow or unavailable, communication
services such as voice calls, video meetings, and messaging may suffer from
delays, poor quality, or complete failure.
(2) Security and Privacy Concerns:- Communication data like
calls, messages, and video meetings is transmitted and stored on cloud servers
owned by third-party providers. This creates risks related to data breaches,
hacking, unauthorized access, and loss of confidential information.
(3) Limited Control Over Infrastructure:- In CaaS, users do not
have full control over communication infrastructure. System upgrades, feature
changes, or service outages are managed by the provider, which may not always
align with the organization’s needs.
(4) Quality of Service Issues:- Voice and video communication
quality can be affected by network congestion, latency, and packet loss. This
may lead to poor call quality, dropped calls, or distorted audio and video.
CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICES PROVIDERS:-
Meaning :- A cloud service provider, or CSP, is an IT company
that provides on-demand, scalable computing resources like computing power,
data storage, or applications over the internet. Typically, cloud-based service
models are defined as IaaS (infrastructure as a service), PaaS (platform as a service),
or SaaS (software as a service).
A cloud service provider rents
out the combination of technology, infrastructure, and expertise to other
companies and individuals for cloud computing, including online storage,
compute, and networking over the Internet.
Cloud service providers own and
operate multiple data centers worldwide that house the physical infrastructure
required for cloud computing. These include servers, hard drives, and cooling
systems. Anyone anywhere at any time can access this cloud infrastructure by
connecting to these data centers and purchasing as much capacity as they
require on a pay-as-you-go basis (usage-based pricing).
Cloud service
provider definition:- A CSP (cloud
service provider) is a third-party company that provides scalable (accessible) computing
resources that businesses can access on demand over a network, including
cloud-based compute, storage, platform, and application services.
Benefits of Using a
CSP (cloud service provider):-
(1) Low capital outlay:- Customers do not incur (suffer, sustain,
experience, invite etc.) large capital expenditures (CAPEX) on infrastructure,
but instead pay a low, ongoing fee for their usage.
(2) Faster time-to-market:- Businesses can produce their products
and services much more quickly by not purchasing, installing, testing, and
optimizing cloud infrastructure.
(3) Cloud computing services:- CSPs deliver
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS),
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), and Serverless Computing
(4) Optimal cloud delivery models:- Businesses can choose between
public, private, hybrid, and multi-cloud cloud services from cloud service
providers.
(5) Pay-as-you-go pricing:- You pay only for the capacity of
cloud resources you use. No provisioning, upfront payments, or long-term
contracts are required either.
(6) Managed services:- A CSP grants various degrees of control
over the infrastructure they rent out. This infrastructure can be fully managed
by your CSP or largely configured by your engineers.
(7) Disaster recovery:- A CSP can backup your data in multiple
regions worldwide, which you can retrieve in case of a data center failure in
one region or your on-premises system.
TYPES OF CLOUD PROVIDERS:-
(1) Google Cloud Platform (GCP):-
History of Google
Cloud Platform:- Starting from 1998 with
the launch of Google Search. google has developed one of the largest and most
powerful IT Infrastructures in the world. Today, this infrastructure is used by
billions of users to use services such as Gmail, YouTube, Google Photos, and
Maps. In 2008, Google decided to open its network and IT infrastructure to
business customers, taking an infrastructure that was initially developed for
consumers' applications to public service and launching the Google Cloud platform.
Google Cloud Platform
:- GCP is a short for Google Cloud
Platform – a collection of cloud computing services offered by Google. These
services include, for example, cloud storage, compute, networking and more
advanced solutions for business such as Big Data and advanced AI and ML-based
analytics. They run on the very same infrastructure is used internally by
Google for its products and services (Google Search, Gmail, YouTube etc.). You
can leverage GCP for deploying your own applications.
Google Cloud is a platform that
provides various services to help businesses and individuals manage their data,
run applications, and store information over the internet instead of using
local servers or personal computers. It offers powerful tools for computing, storage,
big data analysis, machine learning, and more, all hosted on Google's
infrastructure. With Google Cloud, companies can access their data and
applications from anywhere in the world, securely and efficiently. It helps
businesses save time and money by offering scalable solutions, high-speed data
transfer, and robust security, making it easier to manage large amounts of data
without needing to own and maintain physical hardware.
Google cloud
computing Services:-
(1) Wide Range of Services:- GCP offers various services including compute,
networking, storage, big data, machine learning, and management. This allows
their platform to fill the needs of diverse cloud computing requirements. This
comprehensive suite of services ensures that businesses have the flexibility to
choose the services that they need to build and run their applications.
(2) Global Reach:- GCP has a global network of data centers, which means
that your applications can be accessed from anywhere in the world. This is
important for businesses operating in regions where regulations require local
data centers, like the European Union. It also allows businesses to have
multi-region redundancy or choose to have their workloads hosted in cheaper
regions
(3) Security:- When it comes to safeguarding your valuable data
against unauthorized access, GCP provides a range of robust security features.
These features are designed to meet the stringent demands of the tech industry.
GCP offers a suite of security measures, including Identity and Access
Management (IAM), Key Management Service (KMS), and Security Command Center
(SCC), which collectively work to fortify your data protection strategy.
(4) Innovative Features:- GCP constantly introduces new features and
enhancements, enabling businesses to stay at the forefront of technology. In a fiercely competitive market, the ability
to leverage the latest technologies is crucial for maintaining a competitive
advantage. Now while it’s enticing to have all these features accessible, if
you’re not using them it may not be economical to have a VM with them
integrated as it is increasing your cloud cost which adds up when you are
running thousands of VMs
(5) Big Data Solutions:- Google offers multiple services for big data analysis
and manipulation, including:
·
Google Cloud
Dataproc
·
Google Cloud
Datalab
·
Google Cloud
Pub/Sub
·
Google BigQuery
(2) AMAZON WEB SERVICES (AWS) CLOUD :-
Cloud computing enables
on-demand delivery of IT resources via the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing.
Amazon Web Services (AWS) provides a wide range of services including compute,
storage, and databases, allowing organizations to reduce costs, scale
instantly, and deploy globally. The video explores how businesses across
industries use cloud computing for various applications like data backup,
software development, and analytics. It highlights AWS's comprehensive
offerings, global infrastructure, and ability to drive innovation for customers
ranging from startups to enterprises and government agencies.
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is
the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform. Started in
2006, it allows individuals, companies, and governments to access technology
services such as computing power, storage, and databases on an on-demand basis.
Services Providing by
AWS:-
(i) Compute Services:-
·
Amazon EC2
(Elastic Compute Cloud): Resizable virtual servers. You choose the OS
(Linux/Windows) and the hardware power (CPU/RAM). It is the workhorse of AWS.
·
AWS Lambda:
Serverless compute. You upload your code, and Lambda runs it only when
triggered (by an event like a file upload). You don't manage any servers.
·
AWS Elastic
Beanstalk: Platform as a Service (PaaS) for deploying web apps. You upload
code, and AWS handles the deployment (capacity provisioning, load balancing,
auto-scaling).
(ii) Networking Services:-
·
Amazon VPC
(Virtual Private Cloud): Lets you provision a logically isolated section of the
AWS Cloud where you can launch resources in a virtual network you define.
·
Amazon
CloudFront: A Content Delivery Network (CDN) that speeds up distribution of
your static and dynamic web content to users.
·
Amazon Route 53:
A highly available and scalable cloud Domain Name System (DNS) web service.
(iii) Database Services:-
·
Amazon RDS
(Relational Database Service): Managed SQL databases. It supports engines like
MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and Amazon Aurora (AWS's
high-performance proprietary engine).
·
Amazon DynamoDB:
A managed NoSQL database service that provides fast and predictable performance
with seamless scalability.
(iv) Storage Services:-
·
Amazon S3 (Simple
Storage Service): Object storage for files (images, videos, backups). It allows
you to store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere on the web.
·
Amazon EBS
(Elastic Block Store): Block storage (virtual hard drives) that you attach to
EC2 instances. It is persistent storage for your virtual servers.
·
Amazon Glacier:
Extremely low-cost storage for data archiving and long-term backup.
(v) AWS offers 175
fully-featured services to meet any kind of business requirements. These
services are database storage, computing power, networking and many more
(vi) You can virtually host any applications, including networks like
firewall, DNS (Domain Name System), Load
balancing, or even you can have your virtual private cloud.
(vii) AWS applications are scalable, flexible, reliable, secure and trustworthy.
(viii) Easy sign-up and fast deployment. The best thing is there is no upfront cost and you
pay for what you use. It also offers a free tier for some of their popular
services.
(2) MICROSOFT AZURE:-
Azure is a trusted cloud
platform for building, deploying, and managing innovative solutions. Microsoft
Azure, launched in 2010, marked a pivotal shift from on-premises datacenters to
cloud computing. By offering businesses a global network of datacenters maintained
and managed by Microsoft, Azure reduced the time and expense associated with
maintaining on-premises infrastructure.
Since its original launch,
Azure continues to offer extensive capabilities that go beyond simplifying
infrastructure management. With comprehensive AI, data, and application
services that work together, Azure delivers a unified approach to cloud
computing that’s unique in the industry. Its open, flexible cloud platform is
designed to support each company’s business strategy and stage of AI
transformation.
Service Provided by
Microsoft Azure:-
Microsoft Azure is a cloud
computing platform that offers the following three categories of services:
(1) Infrastructure as a service ( IaaS )
(2) Platform as a service (PaaS)
(3) Software as a service (SaaS)
(1) Software as a service (SaaS):- Software as a Service (SaaS) is the cloud service
model that provides you access to a completed software product, run and managed
by the service provider. Most SaaS solutions tend to be end-user applications.
Accessing your chosen software
using a SaaS model frees you to focus only on how to best utilize that
software. With the SaaS provider responsible for providing, maintaining, and
upgrading the software – including the underlying infrastructure.
A common SaaS example is a
web-based customer relationship management (CRM) solution. You store and manage
all your contacts via CRM without having to upgrade the software to the latest
version or maintaining the server and operation system the software is running
on.
Advantages of SaaS:-
i.
Cost-effective:
Pay only for the services used.
ii. Quick deployment: No installation or configuration
required.
iii. High accessibility: Data can be accessed from any
device with internet.
iv. Automatic updates: Updates are handled by the
provider.
v. Scalable: Resources and features can be adjusted on
demand.
Disadvantages of
SaaS:-
i.
Limited
customization: Less flexibility compared to on-premises software.
ii. Internet dependency: Requires a stable internet connection.
iii. Security risks: Potential risk of data breaches.
iv. Reduced data control: Data is managed by the service
provider.
SaaS features / components :-
(i) Cloud-based architecture:- SaaS applications are designed to run in the cloud.
Vendors can host these applications on their own infrastructure or use
established cloud providers, but relying on established providers enables SaaS
developers to maximize app scalability and extend the app’s reach to a broader
customer base.
(ii) Universal accessibility:- SaaS applications are available to any user with an
internet connection and a compatible device—whether it's a computer, smartphone
or tablet. Most SaaS solutions run in web browsers, though some require users
to install dedicated mobile apps or lightweight clients on their devices.
(iii) Minimal customer maintenance:- With SaaS, customers don’t have to worry about
managing or maintaining the underlying infrastructure because the cloud
provider delivers all the critical services.
(iv) Integration tools:- Many providers offer APIs that enable customers to
integrate SaaS solutions with other cloud-based web applications or on-premises
software systems (connecting an e-commerce site with a "buy now, pay
later" platform, for instance).
(2) Platform as a service (PaaS):- Platform as a Service (PaaS) is the cloud service
model where you access combined hardware and software tools through a service
provider. PaaS is most commonly used for application development.
A PaaS provider gives you
access to the combined cloud infrastructure required for application
development – databases, middleware, operating systems, servers – without the
underlying complexity of managing it. This allows you to become more efficient.
Instead of spending time installing and configuring infrastructure, you are
instead focused only on developing, running, and managing applications.
Advantages of PaaS:-
i.
Simple and
convenient: No infrastructure management required.
ii. Cost-effective: Pay only for resources used.
iii. Full lifecycle support: Helps in building, testing,
deploying, and updating applications.
iv. Higher efficiency: Reduces development complexity and
time.
Disadvantages of
PaaS:-
i.
Limited
infrastructure control: Restricted customization options.
ii. Provider dependency: Availability and reliability
depend on the vendor.
iii. Limited flexibility: Not suitable for all application
types.
PaaS components:-
(i) Cloud infrastructure:- Cloud infrastructure is the backbone of any PaaS
system. It includes VMs, OSs, storage and security features, such as firewalls
and encryption.
(ii) Application management tools:- PaaS provides tools for creating, launching and
managing software products. In PaaS environments, applications are often
created using middleware that streamlines workflows and enables multiple
development and operations teams to work on the same project at once.
(iii) Graphical user interfaces (GUIs):- GUIs are user-friendly dashboards where development
or DevOps teams can manage their work throughout the application lifecycle.
They serve as the main point of interaction between developers and a PaaS
environment. With PaaS, all standard development tools are available through a
GUI, enabling developers to log in from anywhere, collaborate on projects, test
new applications and release finished products.
(3) Infrastructure as a service (IaaS):- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is the service
model that forms the foundation for your cloud technology deployment. Through
an IaaS provider, you gain on-demand access via the internet to core IT
resources including computers (virtual or dedicated hardware), networking, and
storage.
IaaS provides you with access
to a flexible state-of-the-art hardware resource that can be scaled to meet the
processing and storage needs of your business. You utilize this infrastructure
to provision your organization’s applications, software, and platforms – free
from the responsibility of managing and maintaining it.
A typical example of an IaaS
deployment will combine virtual machines and storage disks. With each
individual element customized to meet the needs of your business whether it’s
the Server OS or the size of the capacity of storage.
Advantages of IaaS:-
i.
Cost-effective:
No need to buy physical hardware.
ii. Flexible hosting: Suitable for websites and
applications.
iii. Reduced maintenance: Provider manages data centers and
hardware.
iv. Scalable: Resources can be increased or decreased as
needed.
Disadvantages of
IaaS:-
i.
Security
responsibility: Users must secure their own data and apps.
ii. Limited infrastructure control: Physical
infrastructure is provider-managed.
iii. Regional limitations: Availability may vary due to
legal or policy issues.
Types of IaaS
resources:-
(i) Compute resources:- IaaS compute engines consist of central processing
units (CPUs) for web processing and application execution, and GPUs for
high-performance workloads and system memory (RAM). Users can request computing
resources in the form of virtual machines or dedicated bare metal servers.
(ii) Bare metal servers:- Bare metal servers are physical machines that are
usually dedicated to a single customer. They give customers full control over
the hardware, and enable customers to create customized workloads. This
capability can be especially useful for workloads that require high
performance, strict compliance or minimal latency. Traditional bare metal
servers lack preinstalled hypervisors, but users can add one if necessary
(iii) Virtual servers:- Virtual servers are software-defined servers that
enable multiple VMs to share a single bare metal server. They’re ideal for
flexible, short-term workloads like development, testing and data backup. They
can help businesses optimize resource use, cut costs and quickly provision IT
resources. Enterprises often use a combination of virtual and bare metal
servers to balance performance, customization and scalability.
(iv) Networking:- Networking in IaaS is powered by software-defined
networking (SDN), which uses application programming interfaces (APIs) to
deliver virtualized routers, switches, firewalls, subnets, VPN gateways and
load balancers to users. Conversely, customers can use network APIs to securely
connect their virtual infrastructure to the internet and manage communication
between different network resources.
(v) Storage:- IaaS platforms offer several cloud storage options. Block storage, for
instance, stores data in volumes on storage area networks (SANs) or in
cloud-based storage environments. This makes block storage well-suited for use
cases that require fast, reliable data transfer. File storage enables file
sharing between multiple users by storing data in the cloud and providing
access through the internet.
(vi) Security:- Security in IaaS is based on a shared responsibility model. The
provider is responsible for securing the physical infrastructure, including
data center facilities and underlying hardware. Typically, they offer tools for
data encryption, access controls and network security, which help customers
safeguard sensitive information and reduce the risk of cyberattacks. Customers,
in turn, are responsible for securing their own applications, workloads and
data within the cloud.
(3) IBM CLOUD:- IBM Cloud (formerly known as Bluemix).
The IBM Cloud platform combines
platform as a service (PaaS) with infrastructure as a service (IaaS) to provide
an integrated experience. The platform scales and supports both small
development teams and organizations, and large enterprise businesses. Globally
deployed across data centers around the world, the solution you build on IBM
Cloud move up fast and performs reliably in a tested and supported environment
you can trust.
IBM Cloud provides solutions
that enable higher levels of compliance, security, and management, with proven
architecture patterns and methods for rapid delivery for running
mission-critical workloads. Available in data centers worldwide, with multizone
regions in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia, you are
enabled to deploy locally with global scalability. IBM Cloud offers the most
open and secure public cloud for business with a next-generation hybrid cloud
platform, advanced data and AI capabilities, and deep enterprise expertise
across 20 industries. Solutions are available depending on your needs for
working in the public cloud, on-premises, or a combination.
IBM to their user it includes
infrastructure as a service (IaaS), software as a service (SaaS) and platform
as a service (PaaS) offered through public, private and hybrid cloud delivery
models, in addition to the components that make up those clouds.
Different services that are
given by the IBM Cloud :-
(1) IaaS (infrastructure as a service)
(2) SaaS (software as a service)
(3) PaaS (platform as a service)
IBM Cloud features:-
(1) AI and machine
learning. The platform offers a collection of Watson-based offerings that
are AI resources and tools for building generative AI models, such as IBM
Watson Assistant or IBM Watson Discovery.
(2) Analytics. IBM Cloud
offers IBM Analytics Engine to build analytics applications on Apache Spark and
Hadoop (Hadoop is an open source framework based on Java that manages the
storage and processing of large amounts of data for applications. ), as
well as analytics tools for streaming data.
(3) Automation. Resources
are available to automate business workflows and processes. These include Cloud
Paks, which exist for business automation, data, integration, multi-cloud
management, network automation, cloud security, Watson AIOps, and IBM Z and
Cloud Modernization Stack.
(4) Blockchain. IBM
Blockchain Platform is a SaaS offering to develop apps, enforce governance and
monitor a blockchain network.
(5) Containers. IBM offers
IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service, as well as access to its private container
registry, Red Hat OpenShift and Istio, a service mesh for microservices.
(6) Cybersecurity. IBM
Cloud includes services for activity tracking, identity and access management,
and authentication.
(7) Databases. IBM
provides a variety of Structured Query Language and NoSQL databases, as well as
data querying, warehousing and migration tools.
(8) Internet of things. IBM Watson IoT Platform works with
IBM Cloud to provide services that connect and manage IoT devices
and analyze the data they produce.
(9) Networking. The
platform provides cloud networking services, such as a load balancer, a content
delivery network, virtual private network (VPN) tunnels and firewalls.
(10) Storage. IBM's cloud
storage offerings include block, file and object storage for cloud data.
CLOUD COMPUTING IN
SALESFORCE:- Salesforce is a cloud-based
software platform designed to help businesses find prospects, close deals, and
deliver exceptional customer service. It combines CRM capabilities with robust
cloud services to cater to various business needs, including sales, marketing,
analytics, and more.
Salesforce has emerged as
crucial in the modern business ecosystem, enabling organizations to efficiently
manage their customer relationships, operations, and data. Salesforce's
versatility and robust suite of tools have made it the leading Customer
Relationship Management (CRM) platform globally.
Why Use Salesforce?:- Before
understanding Salesforce, it’s essential to grasp the concept of Customer
Relationship Management (CRM). Historically, customer data was managed
manually, evolving from handwritten notes to Excel sheets. However, as
businesses scaled, these methods became inefficient and error-prone. CRM
systems like Salesforce were introduced to address these challenges. Unlike
traditional CRMs hosted on local servers—which were costly, complex, and
time-consuming—Salesforce introduced an affordable, cloud-based CRM,
revolutionizing how businesses manage customer relationships and data.
Salesforce, a trailblazer in
the CRM industry, harnesses the power of cloud computing to offer innovative
solutions to businesses. Cloud computing in Salesforce entails hosting its
suite of CRM tools and services on the cloud, allowing users to manage customer
interactions, sales, marketing, and more in a centralized digital environment.
Before moving forward, let me explain a little bit more about the history of
cloud computing.
Advantages of
Salesforce:-
(1) Cost Efficiency:- It eliminates
the capital expense associated with buying software and hardware. One only has
to pay for the services they use.
(2) Security:- High security measures are set forth by cloud
providers to protect applications, infrastructure and data.
(3) Centralized Data Management:- Salesforce provides a unified
platform to manage customer interactions, sales leads, marketing campaigns, and
support cases.
(4) Scalability: - Whether you are a startup or an enterprise,
Salesforce scales effortlessly to meet your growing business needs.
(5) Efficiency:- Automate tasks, streamline processes and improve
collaboration across teams.
(6) Customization:- Tailor Salesforce to suit your business
requirements through custom objects, fields, and workflows.
How Does Salesforce
Improve Business Operations?:-
(1) Improved Customer Relationships:- Customer data is
centralized to enable businesses to offer timely and personalized service.
(2) Streamlined Processes:- Optimizes and automates marketing,
customer service processes and sales to increase efficiency.
(3) Data-Driven Decisions:- Offers many powerful analytics tools
to aid businesses in making informed decisions in real-time data.
(4) Reduced IT Burden:- Salesforce reduces extensive IT
maintenance and infrastructure needs. Hence, enabling businesses to focus on
their core activities.
(5) Flexibility & Adaptability:- Easily customizable and
scalable as per the business's unique needs, guaranteeing long-term adaptability.
THE END UNIT 2 OF
CLOUD COMPUTING (TYPES OF CLOUD SERVICES AND PROVIDERS)
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