Copyright © by Dr. Ajay kumar pathak
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DIGITAL EDUCATION FOR SEM 1 :
BBA /B. COM / BCA / B Sc. Moths / B Sc. EWM / B.A / B. Sc IT
Prepared BY DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK
KOLHAN UNIVERSITY, CHAIBASA
FYUGP SEMESTER -I UNDER NEP
SEC-1 (SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE)
DIGITAL EDUCATION
UNIT 4:
UNIT IV: E- Governance
SYLLABUS
Introduction of E-Governance in India, Types of
E-Governance-G2C (Government to Citizen), G2E (Government to Employee), G2B
(Government to Business), G2G (Government to Government), E - Governance in
Jharkhand.
Suggested Readings:
E-Governance in India: Initiatives and issues by
R.P.Sinha
Information & Communication Technology (ICT) in
Education by Dr. Vanaja M,Dr. S Rajasekar, Dr. S. Arulsamy.
Digital India: Understanding Information, Communication and Social Change by Pradip N.
Course Objectives:
This course is specially designed for better
understanding of digital education in India. The course has been designed to
introduce key concepts in digital education to the students to sharpen their
understanding of importance and significance of digital education in India. The
students need to develop a critical thinking about the development of India in
the background of expanding digital networks and our constant dependence on
them in our day-to-day life.
Learning Outcome
• Students
will understand the meaning of digital education and its importance.
• They
will be able to focus on different digital platform, its utility and its
applications.
• The
students will be exposed to different tools of digital education available in
India.
• They
will understand the importance of E-Learning in the changing context of Digital
India.
• They will come to know about their responsibility as citizen in digital growth in India.
NOTES FROM HERE
E- Governance : E-Governance, also
known as electronic governance, refers to the use of information and
communication technology (ICT) tools, such as computers, the Internet, and
mobile devices, to enhance and transform the delivery of government services,
information, and communication to citizens, businesses, and other government
agencies.
The primary aim of e-governance is
to make government services more accessible, efficient, and effective to the
public by reducing bureaucratic delays, minimizing paperwork, and improving
transparency and accountability. This is achieved through the automation of
administrative processes, digitalization of records, and online delivery of
services, which leads to greater efficiency, cost savings, and better service
quality.
E-governance include a broad range
of applications and services, including e-voting, online tax filing, online
payment of fees and fines, digital identity and authentication, electronic
procurement, and many others. It also promotes citizen participation in
government decision-making processes through online platforms, such as social
media, e-petitions, and online forums.
Overall, e-governance aims to
transform the relationship between citizens and government, making it more
interactive, transparent, and responsive to the needs of the people.
INTRODUCTION OF
E-GOVERNANCE IN INDIA : The
introduction of e-governance in India began in the 1990s, with the launch of
the National Informatics Centre (NIC) to provide IT infrastructure and
e-governance services to government agencies. The government of India also
launched the I T for All' campaign in 1998, which aimed to promote the use of
IT in government and public services.
One of the earliest and most
successful e-governance initiatives in India was the computerization of the
railway reservation system, which was launched in 1986. This system was later
expanded to cover online booking of train tickets, making it easier and more
convenient for passengers to book tickets and avoid long queues at railway
stations.
In the early 2000s, the government
of India launched the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) with the aim of
transforming the delivery of government services through the use of ICT. The
NeGP aimed to provide a common IT infrastructure, including safe and reliable
connectivity, data centers, and middleware, to enable faultless delivery of
e-governance services across the country.
Under the NeGP, several
e-governance projects were launched, such as the Common Service Centers (CSCs),
which aimed to provide government services to citizens through a network of
local centers equipped with computers and Internet connectivity. Other notable
initiatives included the e-District project, which aimed to deliver various
government services, such as issuance of certificates and licenses, online, and
the Aadhaar project, which aimed to provide a unique digital identity to all
residents of India.
Today,
e-governance has become an integral part of government functioning in India,
with several initiatives underway to enhance the quality and scope of
e-governance services. These initiatives are aimed at improving citizen
engagement, increasing transparency and accountability, and improving the
overall efficiency and effectiveness of government services.
TYPES OF E-GOVERNANCE :- There
are various types of e-governance that can be implemented, depending on the
goals and objectives of the government and the needs of the citizens. Some of
the common types of e-governance are:
1. Government-to-Citizen (G2C): This type of
e-governance involves the delivery of government services and information to
citizens through digital channels such as websites, mobile apps, and SMS
services. Examples of G2C services include online tax filing, passport
applications, and online payment of bills and fees. G2C e-Governance involves
the interaction between the government and citizens through digital platforms.
Its main purpose is to provide public services and information directly to
people without requiring them to visit government offices. This type focuses on
citizen welfare and convenience.
Objectives of G2C:-
I.
Provide government services at citizens doorstep
II.
Reduce long queues and paperwork
III.
Increase transparency in public services
IV.
Save time and money for citizens
V.
Empower citizens with information
Major G2C Services
I.
Online certificates (birth, death, caste, income)
II.
Utility bill payments (electricity, water, gas)
III.
Online grievance redressal
IV.
Welfare scheme applications
V.
Educational and examination services
Examples of G2C:-
I. Passport Seva Portal
II. Citizens apply for passports online, upload documents,
book appointments, and track application status. Physical visits are minimized.
III. Digital India Portal
IV. Provides access to multiple citizen services like
DigiLocker, UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) app, and
e-Hospital.
V. Online Voter Services
VI. Citizens register as voters, update details, and
download voter ID digitally.
VII. Income Tax e-Filing
VIII. Taxpayers file returns online and receive refunds
directly in bank accounts.
Advantages of G2C:-
I.
Faster service delivery
II.
Reduced corruption
III.
24×7 availability
IV.
Greater transparency
V.
Citizen empowerment
2. Government-to-Business (G2B): This type of
e-governance involves the delivery of government services and information to
businesses through digital channels. Examples of G2B services include online
procurement, e-tendering, and online registration of businesses. G2B
e-Governance refers to digital interaction between the government and business
organizations. It simplifies business-related government procedures and ensures
regulatory compliance. This type supports economic growth and ease of doing
business.
Objectives
of G2B:-
I.
Reduce complexity in business procedures
II.
Promote transparency in government dealings
III.
Encourage entrepreneurship
IV.
Improve tax compliance
V.
Reduce delays and human intervention
Major
G2B Services:-
I.
Business registration
II.
GST filing and tax payments
III.
Import-export licensing
IV.
E-tendering and procurement
V.
Corporate compliance reporting
Examples of G2B:-
1. GST Portal:- Businesses
register for GST, file monthly returns, claim input tax credit, and pay taxes
online.
2. Government
e-Marketplace (GeM):- Businesses supply goods and services directly to
government departments through an online marketplace.
3. MCA (Ministry
of Corporate Affairs) Portal:- Companies register, file annual returns, and
submit compliance documents digitally.
4. E-Tendering
Systems:- Businesses participate in government tenders without physical
paperwork.
Advantages of G2B:-
I.
Transparent procurement
II.
Reduced business cost
III.
Faster approvals
IV.
Increased trust
V.
Improved compliance
3. Government-to-Government (G2G):- This
type of e-governance involves the delivery of government services and
information to other government agencies through digital channels. Examples of
G2G services include online sharing of data and information, e-procurement, and
e-collaboration. G2G e-Governance involves digital communication and data sharing
among government departments, ministries, and agencies at central, state, and
local levels. It focuses on internal efficiency and coordination.
Objectives of G2G:-
i. Improve inter-department coordination
ii. Avoid duplication of work
iii. Improve decision-making
iv. Share accurate and real-time data
Major G2G Services:-
i. Financial management systems
ii. Police and security networks
iii. Digital file processing
iv. Census and population databases
Examples of G2G:-
1. e-Office
System:- Files move digitally between departments for approvals and decisions.
2. IFMS
(Integrated Financial Management System):- Used to manage government budgets,
payments, and expenses.
3. CCTNS (Crime
and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems):- Police departments across states
share crime and criminal records.
4. National
Population Register:- Multiple departments access population data.
Advantages of G2G:-
i.
Faster decision-making
ii.
Reduced paperwork
iii.
Better coordination
iv.
Cost savings
v.
Data accuracy
4. Government-to-Employees (G2E):-
This type of e-governance involves the delivery of government services and
information to government employees through digital channels. Examples of G2E
services include online HR management systems, employee self-service portals,
and online training and development programs. G2E e-Governance provides digital services to
government employees, improving human resource management and workplace
efficiency.
Objectives
of G2E:-
i.
Improve employee satisfaction
ii.
Simplify HR processes
iii.
Increase transparency in administration
iv. Reduce
manual record keeping
Major
G2E Services:-
i.
Salary and payroll management
ii.
Leave and attendance systems
iii.
Pension and retirement services
iv. Training
and development portals
Examples of G2E:-
i.
HRMS (Human Resource Management System):- Employees
apply for leave, promotions, and transfers online.
ii.
Online Payroll System:- Payslips, tax details, and
salary history are available digitally.
iii.
Pension Portals:- Retired employees track pension
disbursement online.
iv. E-Learning
Platforms:- Employees receive training through online courses.
Advantages of G2E:-
i.
Improved efficiency
ii.
Transparent HR management
iii.
Reduced errors
iv.
Better employee morale
5. Citizen-to-Government (C2G):-
This type of e-governance involves citizens interacting with the government
through digital channels to provide feedback, raise grievances, and participate
in government decision-making processes. Examples of C2G services include
e-petitions, online forums, and social media engagement. In this model,
citizens actively participate by sending information, requests, payments,
feedback, or complaints to the government electronically. Unlike G2C, where
government provides services to citizens, C2G focuses on citizens
communicating, responding, and contributing to government processes.
C2G promotes
participatory democracy, transparency, and accountability by giving citizens a
direct digital channel to interact with government authorities.
Objectives of C2G E-Governance:-
The
main objectives of Citizen to Government e-governance are:
i.
Encourage
Citizen Participation:- Enable citizens to actively participate in
governance and decision-making.
ii.
Improve
Transparency:- Allow citizens to track applications, payments, and
complaint status.
iii.
Strengthen
Democracy:- Promote two-way communication between citizens and
government.
iv.
Reduce
Corruption:- Minimize middlemen and direct human interaction.
v.
Increase
Efficiency:- Faster submission and processing of citizen requests.
vi.
Enhance
Accountability:- Government becomes answerable to citizens’ inputs and
grievances.
Services
under C2G E-Governance:-
C2G includes
services where citizens submit data, payments, opinions, or grievances to the
government.
(i) Online Tax
Payment:- Citizens pay income tax, property tax, and other government taxes
online through portals.
Example:- Income
Tax e-Filing portal for tax submission and payment.
(ii) Online
Grievance Redressal:- Citizens register complaints or grievances related to
public services.
Example:-
CPGRAMS (Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System).
(iii) Online
Feedback & Suggestions:- Citizens provide feedback, suggestions, and
opinions on government policies and services.
Example:- MyGov
portal where citizens share ideas and participate in surveys.
(iv) Online
Applications & Requests:- Citizens submit applications for certificates,
services, and welfare schemes.
Example:-
Applying online for income certificate, caste certificate, or scholarships.
(v) Online
Voting & Participation (Limited Use):- Citizens participate in opinion
polls, e-consultations, and public decision-making.
Example:- Online
opinion polls for government initiatives.
Advantages
of C2G E-Governance:-
i.
Time and Cost Saving:- Citizens no longer need to visit
government offices physically.
ii.
Increased Transparency:- Online tracking systems make
government actions visible.
iii.
Citizen Empowerment:- Citizens have a voice in policy
formation and governance.
iv.
Faster Communication:- Immediate submission of
complaints, feedback, and requests.
v.
Reduced Corruption:- Digital systems reduce bribery and
manual interference.
vi. Improved
Government Performance:- Feedback helps government improve public services.
6. Mobile Governance (m-Governance):-
This type of e-governance involves the use of mobile devices to deliver
government services and information to citizens. Examples of m-Governance
services include mobile apps for citizen engagement, mobile payments, and
mobile-based health services. m-Governance
(Mobile Governance) refers to the use of mobile devices such as smartphones,
basic mobile phones, tablets, SMS (SMS stands for Short Message Service,), USSD
(USSD stands for Unstructured Supplementary Service Data, both are protocols ),
and mobile applications by the government to deliver services, share
information, and interact with citizens.
Objectives
of m-Governance:-
i.
The main objectives of mobile governance are:
ii.
Increase
Accessibility:- Reach citizens in rural and remote areas.
iii.
Ensure Anytime,
Anywhere Services:- Services available 24×7 through mobile devices.
iv.
Reduce Digital
Divide:- Provide services even to people without computers or broadband.
v.
Improve Speed
of Service Delivery:- Faster communication compared to traditional
methods.
vi.
Enhance Citizen
Participation:- Enable easy feedback and interaction with government.
vii. Improve Transparency & Accountability:- Digital
records and status tracking.
Services
of m-Governance:-
(i) Information
Services:- Government sends important information to citizens through SMS or
mobile apps.
Examples: Weather alerts, Election information, Health
advisories, Disaster warnings
(ii) Mobile-Based
Service Delivery:- Citizens access government services directly through mobile
applications.
Examples:- Downloading certificates, Checking
application status, Booking appointments
(iii) Mobile
Payments:- Citizens pay government fees and bills using mobile phones.
Examples:- Electricity and water bills, Tax
payments, Traffic challans
(iv) Grievance
Redressal Services:- Citizens register complaints using mobile apps or SMS.
Examples:- Municipal complaints, Road and water
supply issues
(v) Emergency
& Disaster Services:- Real-time alerts and emergency support are provided
through mobile networks.
Examples:-Earthquake or flood warnings, COVID-19
health alerts
Advantages
of m-Governance:-
i.
Wide Reach:- Almost every citizen owns a mobile phone,
making governance more inclusive.
ii.
Cost-Effective:- Lower infrastructure cost compared to
computer-based systems.
iii.
Time Saving:- Instant access to services without
visiting offices.
iv.
Real-Time Communication:- Immediate alerts and updates
to citizens.
v.
User-Friendly:- Simple mobile apps and SMS are easy to
use.
vi. Better
Service Monitoring:- Citizens can track service requests easily.
E – GOVERNANCE IN
JHARKHAND :-
The state of Jharkhand has made
significant progress in the implementation of e-governance initiatives in
recent years. The state government has launched several e-governance projects
aimed at improving the delivery of government services and making them more
accessible to citizens. Some of the key e-governance initiatives in Jharkhand
are:
1. Jharsewa:-
This is a portal launched by the
government of Jharkhand to provide a range of government services to citizens
online. The portal offers services such as online payment of bills and fees,
application for various certificates. Jharsewa is a citizen service delivery
portal of the Jharkhand government that provides government-to-citizen (G2C)
services online.
It allows citizens to apply for certificates and services without visiting
government offices repeatedly.
Jharsewa follows
the concept of “Right Service, Right Time”.
Objectives of Jharsewa:-
i. Provide time-bound public services
ii. Reduce physical visits to government offices
iii. Improve transparency in service delivery
iv. Eliminate middlemen and corruption
v. Enable online tracking of applications
Services Provided by Jharsewa:-
i. Income Certificate
ii. Caste Certificate
iii. Residence (Domicile) Certificate
iv. Birth & Death Certificate
v. Local Resident Certificate
vi. Character Certificate
vii. Pension and welfare scheme applications
Advantages of Jharsewa:-
i. Online application and tracking
ii. Reduced paperwork
iii. Faster service delivery
iv. Transparent process
v. Accessible to rural citizens through CSCs
2. Jharkhand State Wide Area Network
(JHARNet): JHARNet is a high-speed internet network that
connects government offices across the state. The network facilitates the
exchange of information and data between government departments, which improves
the efficiency of government functioning. JHARNet is the State Wide Area
Network (SWAN) of Jharkhand.
It provides a secure, high-speed communication network connecting state
headquarters, district offices, and block offices.
JHARNet is
mainly a G2G (Government to Government) initiative.
Objectives of JHARNet:-
i. Support government communication infrastructure
ii. Enable continuous data sharing
iii. Support digital governance projects
iv. Improve coordination between departments
Services
Provided by JHARNet:-
i.
Secure data transmission
ii.
Video conferencing
iii.
Inter-department communication
iv.
Internet and intranet services
v. Support
for e-Governance applications
i.
Fast and secure connectivity
ii.
Improved inter-department efficiency
iii.
Reduced communication cost
iv. Better
administrative control
3. State Resident Data Hub (SRDH):
The SRDH is a centralized database of residents of Jharkhand. It enables the
government to provide various services to citizens, such as welfare schemes,
subsidies, and other benefits. SRDH is a centralized database of residents of
Jharkhand.
It stores and manages resident information for use across various government
departments.
Objectives of SRDH:-
i. Avoid duplication of citizen data
ii. Improve accuracy of government records
iii. Enable data-driven governance
iv. Support targeted welfare delivery
Services Provided by SRDH:-
i. Resident data authentication
ii. Data sharing across departments
iii. Integration with welfare schemes
iv. Identity verification
Advantages of SRDH:-
i. Single resident database
ii. Reduced data redundancy
iii. Faster service verification
iv. Improved service accuracy
Objectives of e-Kalyan:-
i. Promote education among disadvantaged groups
ii. Ensure transparent scholarship distribution
iii. Prevent fake and duplicate beneficiaries
iv. Reduce delays in payments
Services Provided by e-Kalyan:-
i. Online scholarship application
ii. Student registration and verification
iii. Scholarship status tracking
iv. Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)
Advantages of e-Kalyan:-
i. Transparent scholarship system
ii. Faster fund disbursement
iii. Reduced corruption
iv. Easy access for students
5. m-Seva: m-Seva is a mobile app launched by the Jharkhand government to provide various government services to citizens on their mobile phones. The app offers services such as payment of bills and fees, application for certificates. m-Seva is a mobile governance (m-Governance) initiative of Jharkhand that delivers government services through mobile phones using SMS, mobile apps, and alerts.
Objectives of m-Seva:-
i. Reach citizens in remote and rural areas
ii. Provide mobile-based service delivery
iii. Improve communication between government and citizens
iv. Reduce digital divide
Services Provided by m-Seva:-
i. Service status updates via SMS
ii. Information alerts
iii. Mobile grievance submission
iv. Welfare scheme notifications
Advantages of m-Seva:-
i. High accessibility
ii. Low cost
iii. Real-time updates
iv. Easy to use
Overall, these e-governance
initiatives in Jharkhand have helped improve the efficiency and transparency of
government services, making them more accessible and convenient for citizens.
The government of Jharkhand continues to invest in the development of
e-governance infrastructure and services to further improve the delivery of
government services in the state.
THE END UNIT 4
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