cswithpathak BY DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR : UNIT 4 MJ–12 (Th):- WEB PROGRAMMING (UNIT NAME :- ASP.NET)

DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

READ ALL THE NOTES CHAPTER WISE

SUBJECT NAME:- MJ–12 (Th):- WEB PROGRAMMING

FOR B. Sc. IT.

SEM 6 F.Y.U.G.P.

UNIT 4 (UNIT NAME):- ASP.NET

LEARN NOTES FROM HERE

PREPARED BY DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK

©Copyrights

UNIT 4 :-

MJ–12 (Th) (UNIT NAME):-

ASP.NET

B. Sc. IT. SEMESTER 6 NOTES BASED ON NEP

SUBJECT : MJ–12 (Th): WEB PROGRAMMING

(To be selected by the students from)

UNIT 4 (UNIT NAME):- ASP.NET

Objective: The objective of the course is to enable students to

· The objective of this course is to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of network security concepts and techniques. The course aims to develop students' skills in identifying network vulnerabilities, implementing security measures, and ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of networked systems.

Learning Outcome:- After completion of this course, a student will be able to–

· Understand the principles and concepts of network security.

· Identify potential security threats and vulnerabilities in networked systems.

· Implement security measures to protect network infrastructure.

· Apply encryption and authentication techniques to secure network communication.

· Analyze and respond to security incidents in networked environments

Semester Examination and Distribution of Marks

INTERNAL MARKS :- 25 (NO PRACTICAL IN THE MJ 12 (WEB PROGRAMMING)

End Semester Examination (ESE) : 75 Marks

-: NOTES READ FROM HERE :-

SYLLABUS OF UNIT 4 :- ASP .NET: Building Web Forms Using ASP .NET, Exploring ASP .NET Server Controls, Using ASP.NET Server Controls to Create Web Forms, Understanding the Code behind the Page. Working with User Controls, Exposing User Control Properties and Methods, Using ASP .NET Server Controls in User Controls, Using Validation Controls to Improve Web Forms, Uploading Files to a Web Server.

UNIT- 4 :- ASP.NET

Introduction to ASP.NET:- ASP.NET is a web application framework designed and developed by Microsoft. ASP.NET is open source and a subset of the .NET Framework and successor of the classic ASP(Active Server Pages). With version 1.0 of the .NET Framework, it was first released in January 2002. So a question comes to mind that which technology we were using before the year 2002 for developing web applications and services? Answer is Classic ASP. So before .NET and ASP.NET there was Classic ASP.ASP.NET is built on the CLR(Common Language Runtime) which allows the programmers to execute its code using any .NET language(C#, VB etc.). It is specially designed to work with HTTP and for web developers to create dynamic web pages, web applications, web sites, and web services as it provides a good integration of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript..NET Framework is used to create a variety of applications and services like Console, Web, and Windows, etc. But ASP.NET is only used to create web applications and web services. That’s why we termed ASP.NET as a subset of the .NET Framework.

ASP.NET is a web development platform, which provides a programming model, a comprehensive software infrastructure and various services required to build up robust web applications for PC, as well as mobile devices.ASP.NET works on top of the HTTP protocol, and uses the HTTP commands and policies to set a browser-to-server bilateral communication and cooperation.ASP.NET is a part of Microsoft .Net platform. ASP.NET applications are compiled codes, written using the extensible and reusable components or objects present in .Net framework. These codes can use the entire hierarchy of classes in .Net framework.

The ASP.NET application codes can be written in any of the following languages:-

• C#

• Visual Basic.Net

• Jscript

• J#

ASP.NET is used to produce interactive, data-driven web applications over the internet. It consists of a large number of controls such as text boxes, buttons, and labels for assembling, configuring, and manipulating code to create HTML pages.

COMPONENTS OF .NET FRAMEWORK 3.5:-

Before going to the next session on Visual Studio.Net, let us go through at the various components of the .Net framework 3.5. The following table describes the components of the .Net framework 3.5 and the job they perform:-

Components and their Description

(1) Common Language Runtime or CLR :- It performs memory management, exception handling, debugging, security checking, thread execution, code execution, code safety, verification, and compilation. The code that is directly managed by the CLR is called the managed code. When the managed code is compiled, the compiler converts the source code into a CPU independent intermediate language (IL) code. A Just In Time(JIT) compiler compiles the IL code into native code, which is CPU specific.

(2) .Net Framework Class Library:- It contains a huge library of reusable types. classes, interfaces, structures, and enumerated values, which are collectively called types.

(3) Common Language Specification:- It contains the specifications for the .Net supported languages and implementation of language integration.

(4) Common Type System:- It provides guidelines for declaring, using, and managing types at runtime, and cross-language communication.

(5) Metadata and Assemblies:- Metadata is the binary information describing the program, which is either stored in a portable executable file (PE) or in the memory. Assembly is a logical unit consisting of the assembly manifest, type metadata, IL code, and a set of resources like image files.

(6) Windows Forms:- Windows Forms contain the graphical representation of any window displayed in the application.

(7) ASP.NET and ASP.NET AJAX ( Full form :Asynchronous JavaScript and XML):- ASP.NET is the web development model and AJAX is an extension of ASP.NET for developing and implementing AJAX functionality. ASP.NET AJAX contains the components that allow the developer to update data on a website without a complete reload of the page.

(8) ADO.NET:- It is the technology used for working with data and databases. It provides access to data sources like SQL server, OLE DB, XML etc. The ADO.NET allows connection to data sources for retrieving, manipulating, and updating data.

(9) Windows Workflow Foundation (WF):- It helps in building workflow-based applications in Windows. It contains activities, workflow runtime, workflow designer, and a rules engine.

(10) Windows Presentation Foundation:- It provides a separation between the user interface and the business logic. It helps in developing visually stunning interfaces using documents, media, two and three dimensional graphics, animations, and more.

(11) Windows Communication Foundation (WCF):- It is the technology used for building and executing connected systems.

(12) Windows CardSpace:- It provides safety for accessing resources and sharing personal information on the internet.

(13) LINQ:- It imparts data querying capabilities to .Net languages using a syntax which is similar to the tradition query language SQL.

ASP.NET provides an abstraction layer on top of HTTP on which the web applications are built. It provides high-level entities such as classes and components within an object-oriented paradigm.

The key development tool for building ASP.NET applications and front ends is Visual Studio. In this tutorial, we work with Visual Studio 2008.

Visual Studio is an integrated development environment for writing, compiling, and debugging the code. It provides a complete set of development tools for building ASP.NET web applications, web services, desktop applications, and mobile applications.

The Visual Studio IDE:-

The new project window allows choosing an application template from the available templates.

When you start a new web site, ASP.NET provides the starting folders and files for the site, including two files for the first web form of the site.

The file named Default.aspx contains the HTML and asp code that defines the form, and the file named Default.aspx.cs (for C# coding) or the file named Default.aspx.vb (for VB coding) contains the code in the language you have chosen and this code is responsible for the actions performed on a form.

The primary window in the Visual Studio IDE is the Web Forms Designer window. Other supporting windows are the Toolbox, the Solution Explorer, and the Properties window. You use the designer to design a web form, to add code to the control on the form so that the form works according to your need, you use the code editor.

Working with Views and Windows :- You can work with windows in the following ways:

· To change the Web Forms Designer from one view to another, click on the Design or source button.

· To close a window, click on the close button on the upper right corner and to redisplay, select it from the View menu.

· To hide a window, click on its Auto Hide button. The window then changes into a tab. To display again, click the Auto Hide button again.

· To change the size of a window, just drag it.

Adding Folders and Files to your Website

When a new web form is created, Visual Studio automatically generates the starting HTML for the form and displays it in Source view of the web forms designer. The Solution Explorer is used to add any other files, folders or any existing item on the web site.

· To add a standard folder, right-click on the project or folder under which you are going to add the folder in the Solution Explorer and choose New Folder.

· To add an ASP.NET folder, right-click on the project in the Solution Explorer and select the folder from the list.

· To add an existing item to the site, right-click on the project or folder under which you are going to add the item in the Solution Explorer and select from the dialog box.

Projects and Solutions:- A typical ASP.NET application consists of many items: the web content files (.aspx), source files (.cs files), assemblies (.dll and .exe files), data source files (.mdb files), references, icons, user controls and miscellaneous other files and folders. All these files that make up the website are contained in a Solution.

When a new website is created. VB2008 automatically creates the solution and displays it in the solution explorer.

Solutions may contain one or more projects. A project contains content files, source files, and other files like data sources and image files. Generally, the contents of a project are compiled into an assembly as an executable file (.exe) or a dynamic link library (.dll) file.

TYPICALLY A PROJECT CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING CONTENT FILES:

· Page file (.aspx)

· User control (.ascx)

· Web service (.asmx)

· Master page (.master)

· Site map (.sitemap)

· Website configuration file (.config) Building and Running a Project

You can execute an application by:-

· Selecting Start

· Selecting Start Without Debugging from the Debug menu,

· pressing F5

· Ctrl-F5

The program is built meaning, the .exe or the .dll files are generated by selecting a command from the Build menu.

ASP.NET INTRODUCES TWO MAJOR FEATURES: WEB FORMS AND WEB SERVICES:-

(1) Web Forms:- Developers not familiar with Web development can spend a great deal of time, for example, figuring out how to validate the e-mail address on a form. You can validate the information on a form by using a client-side script or a server-side script. Deciding which kind of script to use is complicated by the fact that each approach has its benefits and drawbacks, some of which aren't apparent unless you've done substantial design work. If you validate the form on the client by using client-side JScript code, you need to take into consideration the browser that your users may use to access the form. Not all browsers expose exactly the same representation of the document to programmatic interfaces. If you validate the form on the server, you need to be aware of the load that users might place on the server. The server has to validate the data and send the result back to the client. Web Forms simplify Web development to the point that it becomes as easy as dragging and dropping controls onto a designer (the surface that you use to edit a page) to design interactive Web applications that span from client to server.

(2) Web Services:- A Web service is an application that exposes a programmatic interface through standard access methods. Web Services are designed to be used by other applications and components and are not intended to be useful directly to human end users. Web Services make it easy to build applications that integrate features from remote sources. For example, you can write a Web Service that provides weather information for subscribers of your service instead of having subscribers link to a page or parse through a file they download from your site. Clients can simply call a method on your Web Service as if they are calling a method on a component installed on their system — and have the weather information available in an easy-to-use format that they can integrate into their own applications or Web sites with no trouble.

(3) Windows Forms:- Windows Forms is the name of a unified set of classes that provides support for creating traditional desktop applications — applications that have a graphical user interface (GUI). Windows Forms make it easy to develop end-user applications using any .NET programming language. Furthermore, through Visual Studio .NET, developers can easily design forms by using drag-and-drop editing.

(4) Visual Studio .NET:- Visual Studio .NET fulfills the promise of a single development environment for all languages. Visual Studio .NET simplifies development in a mixed-language environment through features such as support for end-to-end debugging across all programming languages; visual designers for XML, HTML, data, and server-side code; and full IntelliSense support (statement completion). Visual Studio .NET replaces the Visual Basic 6, Visual C++, and Visual InterDev development environments. Visual Studio .NET is able to provide this level of integration because it relies and builds on the facilities of the .NET Framework. Designers for Web forms and Windows Forms enhance developer productivity during the development cycle. Integration of deployment features enhances productivity during post-deployment debugging.

FEATURES OF .NET:-

Now that we know some basics of .NET, let us see what makes .NET a wonderful platform for developing modern applications.

(1) Rich Functionality out of the box:- .NET framework provides a rich set of functionality out of the box. It contains hundreds of classes that provide variety of functionality ready to use in your applications. This means that as a developer you need not go into low level details of many operations such as file IO, network communication and so on.

(2) Easy development of web applications:- ASP.NET is a technology available on .NET platform for developing dynamic and data driven web applications. ASP.NET provides an event driven programming model (similar to Visual Basic 6 that simplify development of web pages (now called as web forms) with complex user interface. ASP.NET server controls provide advanced user interface elements (like calendar and grids) that save lot of coding from programmer’s side.

(3) OOPs Support:- The advantages of Object Oriented programming are well known. .NET provides a fully object oriented environment. The philosophy of .NET is – “Object is mother of all.” Languages like Visual Basic.NET now support many of the OO features that were lacking traditionally. Even primitive types like integer and characters can be treated as objects – something not available even in OO languages like C++.

(4) Multi-Language Support:- Generally enterprises have varying skill sets. For example, a company might have people with skills in Visual Basic, C++, and Java etc. It is an experience that whenever a new language or environment is invented existing skills are outdated. This naturally increases cost of training and learning curve. .NET provides something attractive in this area. It supports multiple languages. This means that if you have skills in C++, you need not throw them but just mould them to suit

.NET environment. Currently four languages are available right out of the box namely – Visual Basic.NET, C# (pronounced as C-sharp), Jscript.NET and Managed C++ (a dialect of Visual C++). There are many vendors that are working on developing language compilers for other languages (20+ language compilers are already available). The beauty of multi language support lies in the fact that even though the syntax of each language is different, the basic capabilities of each language remain at par with one another.

(5) Multi-Device Support:- Modern lift style is increasingly embracing mobile and wireless devices such as PDAs, mobiles and handheld PCs NET provides promising platform for

programming such devices. .NET Compact Framework and Mobile Internet Toolkit are step ahead in this direction.

(6) Automatic memory management:- While developing applications developers had to develop an eye on system resources like memory. Memory leaks were major reason in failure of applications. .NET takes this worry away from developer by handling memory on its own. The garbage collector takes care of freeing unused objects at appropriate intervals.

(7) Compatibility with COM and COM+ :- Before the introduction of .NET, COM was the de-facto standard for componentized software development. Companies have invested lot of money and efforts in developing COM components and controls. The good news is – you can still use COM components and ActiveX controls under .NET. This allows you to use your existing investment in .NET applications. .NET still relies on COM+ for features like transaction management and object pooling. In fact it provides enhanced declarative support for configuring COM+ application right from your source code. Your COM+ knowledge still remains as a valuable asset.

(8) No more DLL Hell:- If you have worked with COM components, you probably are aware of “DLL hell”. DLL conflicts are a common fact in COM world. The main reason behind this was the philosophy of COM – “one version of component across machine”. Also, COM components require registration in the system registry. .NET ends this DLL hell by allowing applications to use their own copy of dependent DLLs. Also, .NET components do not require any kind of registration in system registry.

(9) Strong XML support:- Now days it is hard to find a programmer who is unaware of XML. XML has gained such a strong industry support that almost all the vendors have released some kind of upgrades or patches to their existing software to make it “XML

compatible”. Currently, .NET is the only platform that has built with XML right into the core framework. .NET tries to harness power of XML in every possible way. In addition to providing support for manipulating and transforming XML documents, .NET provides XML web services that are based on standards like HTTP, XML and SOAP.

(10) Ease of deployment and configuration:- Deploying windows applications especially that used COM components were always been a tedious task. Since .NET does not require any registration as such, much of the deployment is simplified. This makes XCOPY deployment viable. Configuration is another area where .NET – especially ASP.NET – shines over traditional languages. The configuration is done via special files having special XML vocabulary. Since, most of the configuration is done via configuration files, there is no need to sit in front of actual machine and configure the application manually. This is more important for web applications; simply FTPing new configuration file makes necessary changes.

(11) Security:- Windows platform was always criticized for poor security mechanisms. Microsoft has taken great efforts to make .NET platform safe and secure for enterprise applications. Features such as type safety, code access security etc.

BUILDING WEB FORMS USING ASP.NET OR CREATING WEB FORMS IN ASP NET USING C#:-

Introduction:- Active Server Pages (ASP) and Active Server Pages (ASP.NET) are server-side technologies for displaying interactive web pages. ASP.NET offers developers a wide range of options in a large, diverse ecosystem of libraries and tools. Developers can also design custom libraries that can be shared with any .NET platform application.

ASP.NET also contains an authentication system for developers, which includes a database, libraries, templates for handling logins, external authentication to Google, Facebook, and other services, and more. ASP.NET may be used on all major platforms, including Windows, Linux, macOS, and even Docker, by developers.

ASP.NET Web Forms:- Web Forms are pages which are requested by your users through their browser. HTML, client-script, server controls, and server code can all be used to create these pages. When users request a page, the framework compiles and executes it on the server, then generates the HTML markup that the browser may render. In any browser or client device, an ASP.NET Web Forms page displays information to the user.

ASP.NET Web Forms may be created with Visual Studio. Drag and drop server controls to set out your Web Forms page in the Visual Studio Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The methods, properties, and events for controls on the page, as well as the page itself, can then be readily set. These attributes, methods, and events are used to define the behaviour, appearance, and feel of a web page, among other things. We can use .NET language like Visual Basic or C# to develop server code to handle the page's logic.

STEPS TO CREATE A WEB FORM :-

1^ST STEP:- Creating an ASP.NET Web Forms Project,

Let's get started with the creation of ASP.NET Web Forms project as shown in the images below.

Firstly create a new project.

START, VISUAL STUDIO , FILE (MENU ), NEW , PROJECT,

ASP.NET EMPTY WEB APPLICATION, NAME(GIVE FILE NAME), PROJECT (CHANGE PROJECT NAME), SOLUTION NAME NAME(SOLUTION NAME AND FILE BOTH ARE TO BE SAME) , OK,

SEE BELOW SCREN SHOT

STEP 2:- Choose Web Forms Template

Select Web Forms, Click Create

STEP 3:- Add a New Web Form

Right-click on project → Add → Web Form, Name it: Form1.aspx

STEP 4: Design the Web Form (UI):-

Open Design View, Drag & Drop controls from Toolbox:-

Label

TextBox

Button

STEP 5:- Write ASPX Code

Example:-

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Form1.aspx.cs" Inherits="Form1" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<title>Simple Form</title>

</head>

<body>

<div>

Name:

<asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>

<asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="Submit" OnClick="btnSubmit_Click" />

<asp:Label ID="lblMessage" runat="server"></asp:Label>

</div>

</form>

</body>

</html>

STEP 6:- Write C# Code (Code-Behind):-

Open Form1.aspx.cs

using System;

public partial class Form1 : System.Web.UI.Page

{

protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

string name = txtName.Text;

lblMessage.Text = "Hello " + name + "!";

}

STEP 7:- Run the Project:-

Press F5 or click Start, Browser will open, Enter name → Click Submit → Output will display

STEP 8:- FINAL OUTPUT

User enters name,

Clicks button,

Message shows:-

OUTPUT:- Hello Ajay!

EXPLORING ASP.NET SERVER CONTROLS:-

ASP.NET server controls are components used to build user interfaces in web applications, which can be programmed using C# on the server side. When a page is rendered, these controls generate standard HTML elements that are sent to the client browser.

COMMON ASP.NET SERVER CONTROL CATEGORIES:-

ASP.NET provides a wide range of built-in server controls:

(1) Standard Controls:- Basic form elements like TextBox, Button, Label, CheckBox, and HyperLink.

(2) List Controls:- Controls for displaying data in lists and allowing selection, such as DropDownList, ListBox, CheckBoxList, and RadioButtonList.

(3) Validation Controls:- Used to validate user input without extensive client-side JavaScript, including RequiredFieldValidator, RangeValidator, and RegularExpressionValidator.

(4) Data Controls:- Powerful controls like GridView, DetailsView, and Repeater for binding to data sources (e.g., databases) and displaying data in customizable formats.

(5) Rich Controls:- Specialized controls that offer complex functionality, such as the Calendar and FileUpload controls.

(6) Navigation Controls:- Used to create menus and sitemaps, like Menu and TreeView controls.

(7) Login Controls:- Pre-built controls to handle user authentication, including Login and LoginStatus.

(1) HTML SERVER CONTROLS:-

The HTML server controls are HTML elements that include a runat=server attribute. The HTML server controls have the same HTML output and the same properties as their corresponding HTML tags. In addition, HTML server controls provide automatic state management and server-side events. HTML server controls offer the following advantages:-

i. The HTML server controls map one to one with their corresponding HTML tags.

ii. When the ASP.NET application is compiled, the HTML server controls with the runat=server attribute are compiled into the assembly.

iii. Most controls include an OnServerEvent for the most commonly used event for the control. For example, the <input type=button> control has an OnServerClick event.

iv. The HTML tags that are not implemented as specific HTML server controls can still be used on the server side; however, they are added to the assembly as HtmlGenericControl.

v. When the ASP.NET page is reposted, the HTML server controls keep their values.

To use an HTML server control, use the following syntax (which uses the HtmlInputText control as an example):-

ASP.NET (C #)

HTML server controls that are available in ASP.NET,

see the following Web sites:-

(i) HtmlButton Control:- Creates a server-side control that maps to the <button> HTML element and allows you create push buttons.

<button id="programmaticID"

OnServerClick="onserverclickhandler"

runat="server" >

buttontext, image, or control

</button>

Remarks :- Use the HtmlButton control to program against the HTML <button> element. You can provide custom code for the ServerClick event of the HtmlButton control to specify the action performed when the control is clicked.

(ii) HtmlForm Control:- Creates a server-side control that maps to the <form> HTML element and allows you to create a container for elements in a Web page.

<form id="programmaticID"

method=POST | GET

action="srcpageURL"

runat="server" >

Other controls, input forms, and so on.

</form>

Remarks :- Use the HtmlForm control to program against the HTML <form> element. To take advantage of the postback services, all Web Forms controls, whether HTML, Web, pagelet, or custom, must be nested between well-formed opening and closing tags of the HtmlForm control. If the tags are not closed properly, ASP.NET will not recognize the element. The element will either be ignored or a compilation error will occur, depending on how the element is formed.

(iii) HtmlInputButton Control:- Creates a server-side control that maps to the <input type=button>, <input type=submit>, and <input type=reset> HTML elements and allows you to create a command button, submit button, or reset button, respectively.

<input type=button | submit | reset

id="programmaticID"

OnServerClick="onserverclickhandler"

runat="server" >

Remarks:- Use the HtmlInputButton control to program against the <input type=button>, <input type=submit>, and <input type=reset> HTML elements. When a user clicks an HtmlInputButton control, input from the form that the control is embedded on is posted to the server and processed. A response is then sent back to the requesting browser.

(iv) HtmlInputCheckBox Control:- Creates a server-side control that maps to the <input type=checkbox> HTML element and allows you to a create check box control that lets the user select a true or false state.

<input type=checkbox

id="programmaticID"

checked

runat="server" >

Remarks:- Use the HtmlInputCheckBox control to program against the <input type=checkbox> HTML element. The HtmlInputCheckBox control does not post back to the server when it is clicked. The state of the check box is sent to the server for processing when you use a control that posts back the server, such as the HtmlInputButton control. To determine whether the check box is selected, test the Checked property of the control.

Note This control does not require a closing tag.

(v) HtmlInputRadioButton Control:- Creates a server-side control that maps to the <input type=radio> HTML element and allows you to create a radio button on a Web page.

<input type=radio

id="programmaticID"

checked

name="radiobuttongroup"

runat="server" >

Remarks:- Use the HtmlInputRadioButton control to program against the HTML <input type=radio> element. You can group multiple HtmlInputRadioButton controls together by setting the Name property to a value that is common to all <input type=radio> elements within the group. Radio buttons in the same group are mutually exclusive; only one radio button in the group can be selected at a time.

Note This control does not require a closing tag.

(vi) HtmlInputText Control:- Creates a server-side control that maps to the <input type=text> and <input type=password> HTML elements and allows you to create a single line text box to receive user input.

<input type=text | password

id="programmaticID"

maxlength="max#ofcharacters"

size="widthoftextbox"

value="defaulttextboxcontents"

runat="server" >

Remarks:- Use the HtmlInputText control to run server code against the <input type=text> and <input type=password> HTML elements. As with standard HTML, these controls can be used to enter user names and passwords in HTML forms.

Note When the Type property is set to password, your entry is masked in the text box.

(2) WEB SERVER CONTROLS:- Web controls are similar to the HTML server controls such as Button, TextBox, and Hyperlink, except that Web controls have a standardized set of property names. Web server controls offer the following advantages:-

The System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebControl base class contains all of the common properties. Most of the Web server controls derive from this class.

Web server controls can be divided into four categories:-

i. Basic Web Controls

ii. Validation Controls

iii. List Controls

iv. Rich Controls

(I) BASIC WEB CONTROLS:- Basic Web controls provide the same functionality as their HTML server control counterparts. However, basic Web controls include additional methods, events, and properties against which you can program.

Web controls that are available in ASP.NET, see the following Web sites:-

(i) Button Web Server Control:- Displays a push button control on the Web Forms page.

<asp:Button id="MyButton"

Text="label"

CommandName="command"

CommandArgument="commandargument"

CausesValidation="true | false"

OnClick="OnClickMethod"

runat="server"/>

Remarks:- The Button control allows you to create a push button on the Web Forms page. There are two types of buttons that can be created. You can create either a submit button or a command button.

(ii) CheckBox Web Server Control:- Creates a check box control that allows the user to switch between a true or false state.

<asp:CheckBox id="CheckBox1"

AutoPostBack="True|False"

Text="Label"

TextAlign="Right|Left"

Checked="True|False"

OnCheckedChanged="OnCheckedChangedMethod"

runat="server"/>

Remarks:- The CheckBox control creates a check box on the Web Forms page that allows the user to switch between a true or false state. You can specify the caption to display in the control by setting the Text property. The caption can appear either on the right or left of the check box. Set the TextAlign property to specify the side that the caption appears on.

Note:- Because the <asp:CheckBox> element has no content, you can close the tag with /> instead of using a separate closing tag.

(iii) Label Web Server Control:- Displays static text on a Web Forms page and allows you to manipulate it programmatically.

<asp:Label id="Label1"

Text="label"

runat="server"/>

<asp:Label id="Label1"

runat="server">

Text

</asp:Label>

Remarks:- Use the Label control to display text in a set location on the page. Unlike static text, you can customize the displayed text by setting the Text property.

(iv) LinkButton Web Server Control:- Creates a hyperlink-style button on a Web Forms page.

<asp:LinkButton id="LinkButton1"

Text="label"

Command="Command"

CommandArgument="CommandArgument"

CausesValidation="true | false"

OnClick="OnClickMethod"

runat="server"/>

<asp:LinkButton id="LinkButton1"

Command="Command"

CommandArgument="CommandArgument"

CausesValidation="true | false"

OnClick="OnClickMethod"

runat="server"/>

Text

</asp:LinkButton>

Remarks:- Use the LinkButton control to create a hyperlink-style button on a Web Forms page. Specify the text to display in the LinkButton control by either setting the Text property or placing the text between the opening and closing tags of the LinkButton control. You can create either a submit button or a command button.

(v) RadioButton Web Server Control:- Creates an individual radio button on the page. You can group multiple radio buttons together to provide a mutually exclusive set of choices.

<asp:RadioButton id="RadioButton1"

AutoPostBack="True|False"

Checked="True|False"

GroupName="GroupName"

Text="label"

TextAlign="Right|Left"

OnCheckedChanged="OnCheckedChangedMethod"

runat="server"/>

Remarks:- The RadioButton server control creates a radio button on the Web Forms page. Specify the text to display in the control by setting Text property. The text can appear either on the left or the right of the radio button. Set TextAlign property to control the side that the text appears on. You can group multiple radio buttons together if you specify the same GroupName for each RadioButton control. Grouping radio buttons together will only allow a mutually exclusive selection from the group.

(vi) TextBox Web Server Control:- Creates single-line and multiline text boxes.

<asp:TextBox id="value"

AutoPostBack="True|False"

Columns="characters"

MaxLength="characters"

Rows="rows"

Text="text"

TextMode="SingleLine | MultiLine | Password"

Wrap="True|False"

OnTextChanged="OnTextChangedMethod"

runat="server"/>

Remarks:- The TextBox server control is an input control that lets the user enter text. By default, the TextMode property is set to SingleLine, which creates a text box with only one line. You can also set the property to MultiLine or Password. MultiLine creates a text box with more than one line. Password creates a single-line text box that masks the value entered by the user.

(vii) Image Web Server Control:- Displays a Web-compatible image on the Web Forms page.

<asp:Image id="Image1" runat="server"

ImageUrl="string"

AlternateText="string"

ImageAlign="NotSet|AbsBottom|AbsMiddle|BaseLine|

Remarks:-Use the Image control to display an image on the Web Forms page. Setting the ImageUrl property specifies the path to the displayed image. You can specify the text to display in place of the image when the image is not available by setting the AlternateText property. The ImageAlign property specifies the alignment of the image in relation to other elements on the Web Forms page.

(viii) HyperLink Web Server Control:- Creates a link on the page that users can click to move to another page.

<asp:HyperLink id="HyperLink1"

NavigateURL="url"

Text="HyperLinkText"

ImageUrl="url"

Target="window"

runat="server"/>

<asp:HyperLink id="HyperLink1"""

NavigateURL="url"

ImageUrl="url"

Target="window"

runat="server">

Text

</asp:HyperLink>

Remarks:- Use the HyperLink control to create a link that moves you to another page or location on the page. Specify the page or location to link to by using the NavigateURL property. The link can either be displayed as text or an image. To display text, either set the Text property or simply place the text between the opening and closing tags of the HyperLink control. To display an image, set the ImageUrl property.

(ix) ImageButton Web Server Control:- Enables you to handle user clicks in an image, which gives you functionality similar to an image map.

<asp:ImageButton id="ImageButton1"

ImageUrl="string"

Command="Command"

CommandArgument="CommandArgument"

CausesValidation="true | false"

OnClick="OnClickMethod"

runat="server"/>

Remarks:- Use the ImageButton control to display an image that responds to mouse clicks. Specify the image to display in the control by setting the ImageUrl property.

Both the Click and Command events are raised when the ImageButton control is clicked.

(2) VALIDATION CONTROLS:- Validation controls are used to validate the values that are entered into other controls of the page. Validation controls perform client-side validation, server-side validation, or both, depending on the capabilities of the browser in which the page is displayed. Validation controls offer the following advantages:-

(i) RequiredFieldValidator control:- The RequiredFieldValidator control ensures that the user does not skip a required entry field.

A RequiredFieldValidator works in conjunction with another control, for example a TextBox control. Add the control you want to validate to your page before you add the RequiredFieldValidator so that you can easily associate the RequiredFieldValidator with it.

To add a RequiredFieldValidator control to a page

i. Drag the RequiredFieldValidator control from the Toolbox task pane to your page.

ii. Select the RequiredFieldValidator in Design view, right-click it, and click Properties on the shortcut menu.

iii. In the Tag Properties task pane, select the control you want to validate with the RequiredFieldValidator in the ControlToValidate property dropdown.

iv. Set the ErrorMessage property to the text you want to be displayed when a user leaves the control blank.

v. If you are going to use a ValidationSummary control to consolidate validation error messages, set the ValidationGroup property to the name of the group of validation controls. This can be any string, as long as all the controls in the group have the same value.

vi. For a full description of all RequiredFieldValidator control properties, see RequiredFieldValidator Members in the MSDN library.

(ii) RangeValidator control:- The RangeValidator control checks that a user's entry is between specified lower and upper boundaries. You can check ranges within pairs of numbers, alphabetic characters, and dates.

A RangeValidator works in conjunction with another control, for example a TextBox control. Add the control you want to validate to your page before you add the RangeValidator so that you can easily associate the RangeValidator with it.

To add a RangeValidator control to a page

i. Drag the RangeValidator control from the Toolbox task pane to your page.

ii. Select the RangeValidator in Design view, right-click it, and click Properties on the shortcut menu.

iii. In the Tag Properties task pane, select the control you want to validate with the RangeValidator in the ControlToValidate property dropdown.

iv. Set the MaximumValue and MinimumValue properties to the highest and lowest values, respectively, that you want to allow a user to enter into the control you are validating.

vi. For a full description of all RangeValidator control properties, see RangeValidator Members in the MSDN library.

vii. For more information about using validation controls to validate user input, see How-to Topics — Validation Controls in the MSDN library.

(iii) CompareValidator control:- The CompareValidator control compares a user's entry against a constant value, against the value of another control (using a comparison operator such as less than, equal, or greater than), or for a specific data type.

A CompareValidator works in conjunction with another control, for example a TextBox control. Add the control you want to validate to your page before you add the CompareValidator so that you can easily associate the CompareValidator with it.

To add a CompareValidator control to a page

i. Drag the CompareValidator control from the Toolbox task pane to your page.

ii. Select the CompareValidator in Design view, right-click it, and click Properties on the shortcut menu.

iii. In the Tag Properties task pane, select the control you want to validate with the CompareValidator in the ControlToValidate property dropdown.

iv. Set the ControlToCompare or ValueToCompare property to the control or value that you want to compare.

v. Set the Operator property to the comparison you want to use: Equal, NotEqual, GreaterThan, GeaterThanEqual, LessThan, LessThanEqual, or DataTypeCheck. For information about these operators, see CompareValidator.Operator Property in the MSDN library.

vi. If you are going to use a ValidationSummary control to consolidate validation error messages, set the ValidationGroup property to the name of the group of validation controls. This can be any string, as long as all the controls in the group have the same value.

(iv) RegularExpressionValidator control:- The RegularExpressionValidator control checks that the entry matches a pattern defined by a regular expression. This type of validation enables you to check for predictable sequences of characters, such as those in e-mail addresses, telephone numbers, postal codes, and so on.

A RegularExpressionValidator works in conjunction with another control, for example a TextBox control. Add the control you want to validate to your page before you add the RegularExpressionValidator so that you can easily associate the RegularExpressionValidator with it.

To add a RegularExpressionValidator control to a page

i. Drag the RegularExpressionValidator control from the Toolbox task pane to your page.

ii. Select the RegularExpressionValidator in Design view, right-click it, and click Properties on the shortcut menu.

iii. In the Tag Properties task pane, select the control you want to validate with the RegularExpressionValidator in the ControlToValidate property dropdown.

iv. Set the ValidationExpression property to the regular expression that the text in the control must match to be valid.

(v) CustomValidator control:- The CustomValidator control checks the user's entry using validation logic that you write yourself. This type of validation enables you to check for values derived at run time.

A CustomValidator works in conjunction with another control, for example a TextBox control. Add the control you want to validate to your page before you add the CustomValidator so that you can easily associate the CustomValidator with it.

To add a CustomValidator control to a page

i. Drag the CustomValidator control from the Toolbox task pane to your page.

ii. Select the CustomValidator in Design view, right-click it, and click Properties on the shortcut menu.

iii. In the Tag Properties task pane, select the control you want to validate with the CustomValidator in the ControlToValidate property dropdown.

iv. To validate the control in the client browser, set the ClientValidationFunction to the name of the JavaScript function to use in validation.

v. For information about writing a client or server function for use with the CustomValidator control, see How to: Validate with a Custom Function for ASP.NET Server Controls in the MSDN library.

vii. For a full description of all CustomValidator control properties, see CustomValidator Members in the MSDN library.

viii.For more information about using validation controls to validate user input, see How-to Topics — Validation Controls in the MSDN library.

(vi) ValidationSummary control:- The ValidationSummary class is used to summarize the error messages from all validators on a web page in a single location.

To add a ValidationSummary control to a page

i. Drag the ValidationSummary control from the Toolbox task pane to your page.

ii. Select the ValidationSummary in Design view, right-click it, and click Properties on the shortcut menu.

iii. Set the ValidationGroup property to the name of the group of validation controls. This can be any string, as long as all the controls in the group have the same value.

iv. The summary can be displayed as a list, as a bulleted list, or as a single paragraph, based on the DisplayMode property. The summary can be displayed on the web page and in a message box by setting the ShowSummary and ShowMessageBox properties, respectively.

v. For a full description of all ValidationSummary control properties, see ValidationSummary Members in the MSDN library.

vi. For more information about using validation controls to validate user input, see How-to Topics — Validation Controls in the MSDN library.

(3) LIST CONTROLS:- List controls are special Web server controls that support binding to collections. You can use list controls to display rows of data in a customized, template's format. All list controls expose DataSource and DataMember properties, which are used to bind to collections.

List controls can bind only to collections that support the IEnumerable, ICollection, or IListSource interfaces. For example, a Visual C# .NET sample page appears as follows

(i) ListBox Web Server Control:- Creates a single-selection or multiselection list box.

<asp:ListBox id="Listbox1"

DataSource="<% databindingexpression %>"

DataTextField="DataSourceField"

DataValueField="DataSourceField"

AutoPostBack="True|False"

Rows="rowcount"

SelectionMode="Single|Multiple"

OnSelectedIndexChanged="OnSelectedIndexChangedMethod"

runat="server">

<asp:ListItem value="value" selected="True|False">

Text

</asp:ListItem>

</asp:ListBox>

Remarks:- Use the ListBox control to create a list control that allows single or multiple item selection. Use the Rows property to specify the height of the control. To enable multiple item selection, set the SelectionMode property to ListSelectionMode.Multiple.

(ii) CheckBoxList Web Server Control:- Creates a multiselection check box group. This control supports binding to a data source.

Remarks:- The CheckBoxList control creates a multiselection check box group that can be dynamically generated using data binding. To specify items that you want to appear in the CheckBoxList control, place a ListItem element for each entry between the opening and closing tags of the CheckBoxList control.

Note You can also use multiple CheckBox controls. The CheckBoxList control is easier for creating a set of check boxes using data binding, while the individual CheckBox control gives you greater control over layout.

(iii) RadioButtonList Web Server Control:- Creates a group of radio buttons. This control supports binding to a data source.

Remarks: -The RadioButtonList control allows you to create a single-selection radio button group that can be dynamically generated by binding to a data source. To specify the items that you want to appear in the RadioButtonList control, place a ListItem element for each entry between the opening and closing tags of the RadioButtonList control.

Note You can also use the RadioButton control. The RadioButtonList control is easier for creating a set of radio buttons using data binding, while an individual RadioButton control gives you greater control over layout.

(iv) DataList Web Server Control:- Displays the items from a data source by using templates. You can customize the appearance and contents of the control by manipulating the templates that make up the different components of the DataList control, such as the ItemTemplate and HeaderTemplate.

Remarks:- You can manipulate the control's layout and content by defining templates. The following table lists the different templates for the DataList control.

(v) DataGrid Web Server Control:- The DataGrid control renders a tabular, data-bound grid. This control allows you to define various types of columns to control the layout of the cell contents of the grid (bound columns, template columns) and add specific functionality (such as edit button columns, hyperlink columns, and so on). The control also supports a variety of options for paging through data.

Remarks:- The DataGrid control displays the fields of a data source as columns in a table. Each row in the DataGrid control represents a record in the data source. The DataGrid control supports selection, editing, deleting, paging, and sorting.

(vi) DropDownList Web Server Control:-- Enables users to select from a single-selection drop-down list. The drop-down list can contain any number of items.

Remarks:- Use the DropDownList control to create a single selection drop-down list control. You can control the appearance of the DropDownList control by setting the BorderColor, BorderStyle, and BorderWidth properties.

(4) RICH CONTROLS:- In addition to the preceding controls, the ASP.NET page framework provides a few, task-specific controls called rich controls. Rich controls are built with multiple HTML elements and contain rich functionality. Examples of rich controls are the Calendar control and the AdRotator control.

For more information about individual rich controls that are available in ASP.NET, see the following Web sites:-

(i) AdRotator Web Server Control:- Displays an advertisement banner on a Web Forms page.

<asp:AdRotator

id="Value"

AdvertisementFile="AdvertisementFile"

KeyWordFilter="KeyWord"

Target="Target"

OnAdCreated="OnAdCreatedMethod"

runat="server"/>

Element	Description
<ImageUrl>	The absolute or relative URL to an image file (optional).
<NavigateURL>	The URL of a page to link to if the user clicks the ad (optional). Note If this element is not set, the HRef property is not rendered on the anchor tag.
<AlternateText>	The text display in place of the image when the image specified by the ImageUrl property is not available (optional). In some browsers, this text also appears as a ToolTip for the advertisement.
<Keyword>	A category for the advertisement (for example, "computers") that you can filter by (optional).
<Impressions>	A number that indicates the importance of the ad in the schedule of rotation relative to the other ads in the file (optional). The larger the number, the more often the ad is displayed. The total of all Impressions values in the XML file cannot exceed 2,047,999,999. If it does, the AdRotator throws a run-time exception.

Remarks:- The AdRotator control displays an advertisement banner on a Web Forms page. It displays the image specified by the ImageUrl element within an anchor control. At run time, the AdRotator control uses <asp:HyperLink> and <asp:Image> controls to render the control on the Web Forms page. The source image is sized by the browser to the dimensions of the AdRotator control, regardless of its actual size.

(ii) Calendar Web Server Control:- Displays a one-month calendar that allows the user to select dates and move to the next or previous month.

Remarks:- The Calendar control is used to display a one-month calendar that allows the user to select dates and move to the next and previous months.

Style object	Description	Style class
DayHeaderStyle	The style for the section of the calendar where the names of the days of the week appear.	TableItemStyle
DayStyle	The style for the individual days in the displayed month. Note Weekends, the current date, and the selected day can have different styles by setting the WeekendDayStyle, TodayDayStyle, and SelectedDayStyle properties, respectively.	TableItemStyle
NextPrevStyle	The style for the sections at the left and right ends of the title bar where the month navigation LinkButton controls are located.	TableItemStyle
OtherMonthDayStyle	The style for the days from the previous and next month that appear on the current month view.	TableItemStyle
SelectedDayStyle	The style for the selected date. Note If this property is not set, the style specified by the DayStyle property is used to display the selected date.	TableItemStyle
SelectorStyle	The style for the column on the left of the Calendar control containing links for selecting a week or the entire month.	TableItemStyle
TitleStyle	The style for the title bar at the top of the calendar containing the month name and month navigation links. Note If NextPrevStyle is set, it overrides the style for the next and previous month navigation controls located at the ends of the title bar.	TableItemStyle
TodayDayStyle	The style for the current date. Note If this property is not set, the style specified by the DayStyle property is used to display the current date.	TableItemStyle
WeekendDayStyle	The style for the weekend days. Note If this property is not set, the style specified by the DayStyle property is used to display the weekend dates.	TableItemStyle

(iii) Xml Web Server Control:- Displays an XML document or the results of an XSL Transform.

Remarks:- Use the Xml control to display the contents of an XML document or the results of an XSL Transform.

Property	Description
Document	Sets the XML document using a System.Xml.XmlDocument object.
DocumentContent	Sets the XML document using a string. Note This property is commonly set declaratively by placing text between the opening and closing <asp:Xml> tags of the Xml control.
DocumentSource	Sets the XML document using a file.

USING ASP.NET SERVER CONTROLS TO CREATE WEB FORM:-

INTRODUCTION:- ASP.NET Web Forms is a framework in Microsoft ASP.NET used to build dynamic web applications. Server Controls are special controls (like TextBox, Button, Label) That:- Run on the server, Automatically handle events, Generate HTML dynamically

ANSWER ALL STEPS:-

(1) REQUIREMENTS:- Before starting, install, Visual Studio (recommended), .NET Framework / ASP.NET

(2) STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURE:- Open Visual Studio, Click Create New Project

(3) Select Project:- Choose ASP.NET Web Application (.NET Framework), Click Next

(4) Configure Project:- Project Name: StudentFormApp, Click Create

(5) Select Template:- Choose Web Forms, Click Create

(6) Add Web Form:- Right-click project → Add → Web Form, Name: StudentForm.aspx

(7) DESIGN WEB FORM (ASPX CODE):- This form includes, Name, Address, Age, Mobile, Gender, Course

(8) CODE OF ASPX

</>aspx

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="StudentForm.aspx.cs" Inherits="StudentForm" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<title>Student Registration Form</title>

</head>

<body>

<h2>Student Registration Form</h2>

<asp:Label ID="lblName" runat="server" Text="Name:"></asp:Label>

<asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>

<asp:Label ID="lblAddress" runat="server" Text="Address:"></asp:Label>

<asp:TextBox ID="txtAddress" runat="server" TextMode="MultiLine"></asp:TextBox>

<asp:Label ID="lblAge" runat="server" Text="Age:"></asp:Label>

<asp:TextBox ID="txtAge" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>

<asp:Label ID="lblMobile" runat="server" Text="Mobile:"></asp:Label>

<asp:TextBox ID="txtMobile" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>

<asp:Label ID="lblGender" runat="server" Text="Gender:"></asp:Label>

<asp:RadioButton ID="rbMale" runat="server" Text="Male" GroupName="gender" />

<asp:RadioButton ID="rbFemale" runat="server" Text="Female" GroupName="gender" />

<asp:Label ID="lblCourse" runat="server" Text="Course:"></asp:Label>

<asp:DropDownList ID="ddlCourse" runat="server">

<asp:ListItem>BCA</asp:ListItem>

<asp:ListItem>MCA</asp:ListItem>

<asp:ListItem>B.Tech</asp:ListItem>

</asp:DropDownList>

<asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="Submit" OnClick="btnSubmit_Click" />

<asp:Label ID="lblResult" runat="server" ForeColor="Green"></asp:Label>

</form>

</body>

</html>

(9) CODE-BEHIND (C#) (this code automatically will generate )

</>c#

using System;

public partial class StudentForm : System.Web.UI.Page

{

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

}

protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

string name = txtName.Text;

string address = txtAddress.Text;

string age = txtAge.Text;

string mobile = txtMobile.Text;

string gender = "";

if (rbMale.Checked)

gender = "Male";

else if (rbFemale.Checked)

gender = "Female";

string course = ddlCourse.SelectedItem.Text;

lblResult.Text = "Name: " + name + "<br/>" +

"Address: " + address + "<br/>" +

"Age: " + age + "<br/>" +

"Mobile: " + mobile + "<br/>" +

"Gender: " + gender + "<br/>" +

"Course: " + course;

}

(10) RUN THE PROJECT:- Press F5, Browser opens automatically

(11) OUTPUT SCREENSHOTS :- Form View (Before Submit):- You will see,

Name

Address

Age

Mobile fields

Gender (radio buttons)

Course (dropdown)

Submit (button)

(12) Output After Clicking Submit:-

Example Output:-

Name: Ajay

Address: Bhagalpur

Age: 20

Mobile: 9832543210

Gender: Male

Course: BCA

Note:- Server controls used

Control	Purpose
Label	Display Text
TextBox	Takes Input Fields
RadioButton	Gender selection
DropDownList	Course selection
Button	Submit form

ASP.NET CODE-BEHIND MODEL:-

The Code-Behind Model in ASP.NET is a programming approach where the user interface (UI) and business logic (code) are kept in separate files.

ASP.NET Supports Two Methods (Models):- In ASP.NET Web Forms, there are two methods (models) used to write code:-

(1) SINGLE FILE MODEL OR IN-LINE CODE

(2) MULTI-FILE MODEL OR CODE-BEHIND

(1) SINGLE FILE MODEL OR IN-LINE CODE:-

(Inline Code refers to the code that is written inside an ASP.NET Web Page that has an extension of .aspx. It allows the code to be written along with the HTML source code using a <Script> tag. Its major point is that since it's physically in the .aspx file it's deployed with the Web Form page whenever the Web Page is deployed.)

(In-Line Code in ASP.NET is a method where C# code is written directly inside the .aspx page using <script runat="server"> tags, instead of using a separate code-behind file. )

In-line code is code that is embedded directly within the ASP.NET page.

This means:- UI (User Interface) (HTML + controls) and Logic (C# code) , Both are written in the same file.

Why is it called “In-Line”?:- Because the code is written “inside the page itself” (in-line with HTML) instead of being separated.

Syntax of In-Line Code:-

</>aspx

// C# code here

</script>

Explanation is:- runat="server" means:- Code will run on the server, not in browser

The following code represents a sample ASP.NET page that includes in-line code:-

</>aspx

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<title>Inline Code Example</title>

</head>

<body>

Enter Name:

<asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>

<asp:Button ID="btnClick" runat="server" Text="Submit" OnClick="btnClick_Click" />

<asp:Label ID="lblMsg" runat="server"></asp:Label>

protected void btnClick_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

lblMsg.Text = "Hello " + txtName.Text;

}

</script>

</form>

</body>

</html>

Explanation of Example:-

<asp:TextBox> → User input

<asp:Button> → Calls event

<asp:Label> → Displays output

btnClick_Click() → Handles button click

When user clicks button → C# code runs → output shown

Real-Life Analogy:- Think like this:-

In-Line Code = Writing question & answer on same page

Code-Behind = Question in one page, answer in another

Advantages of IN-LINE CODE:- Simple and fast, Less files, Good for small applications

Disadvantages of IN-LINE CODE:- UI and logic mixed together, Difficult to manage large projects, Not professional for big applications.

(2) MULTI-FILE MODEL OR CODE-BEHIND or ( UNDERSTANDING THE CODE BEHIND THE PAGE) :-

Introduction :- In ASP.NET Web Forms, every web page is divided into two main parts:

1. Frontend (ASPX Page):- Contains design/UI and Uses HTML + ASP.NET controls

2. Backend (Code Behind – C#):- Contains logic / programming and Written in C# (.aspx.cs file)

so This concept is called Code Behind Model

( Code Behind refers to the code for an ASP.NET Web page that is written in a separate class file that can have the extension of .aspx.cs or .aspx.vb depending on the language used. Here the code is compiled into a separate class from which the .aspx file derives. You can write the code in a separate .cs or .vb code file for each .aspx page. One major point of Code-Behind is that the code for all the Web pages is compiled into a DLL file that allows the web pages to be hosted free from any Inline Server Code. )

Code-behind refers to code for your ASP.NET page that is contained within a separate class file. This allows a clean separation of your HTML from your presentation logic.

The following sample illustrates an ASP.NET code-behind page:-

File Structure of Web Form of ASP.NET:-

File Name	Purpose
Default.aspx	Design (User Interface)
Default.aspx.cs	Code Behind (Logic)
Default.aspx.designer. cs	Auto-generated control declarations

How Code Behind is Connected to aspx:-

</>aspx

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>

Here some Important Points:- CodeFile → connects C# file and Inherits → class name in code-behind

Complete Example:-

Step 1: ASPX Page (Design):-

</>aspx

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

</head>

<body>

<div>

Enter Name:

<asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>

Enter Age:

<asp:TextBox ID="txtAge" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>

<asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="Submit" OnClick="btnSubmit_Click" />

<asp:Label ID="lblResult" runat="server"></asp:Label>

</div>

</form>

</body>

</html>

Step 2: Code Behind (This is code behind which is written in c# file (C# File):-

</>c#

using System;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

// Executes when page loads

}

protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

string name = txtName.Text;

int age = Convert.ToInt32(txtAge.Text);

lblResult.Text = "Hello " + name + ", Your age is " + age;

}

Real-Life Analogy:- Think like this:-

In-Line Code = Writing question & answer on same page

Code-Behind = Question in one page, answer in another

Advantages of code behind :- Separation of UI and logic, Easy maintenance, Better for large projects, Clean coding structure.

Disadvantages of code behind:- More files to manage, Slightly difficult for beginners

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CODE BEHIND AND IN LINE CODE :-

Feature	IN LINE	CODE BEHIND
Files Used	One (.aspx)	Two (.aspx + .cs)
Code Location	Same file	Separate file
Maintainability	Low	High
Usage	Small apps	Large apps

PROPERTIES AND METHOD IN ASP.NET OR C#:-

Properties:- Properties are members of a class that provide a flexible mechanism to read, write, or compute the values of private fields. They are a combination of methods that allow you to access and update the value of a field in a controlled manner.

Defining Properties:- A property definition includes a get accessor and/or a set accessor.

Syntax:-

accessModifier dataType PropertyName

{

get { // Return the value of the field }

set { // Set the value of the field }

}

Example:-

public class Person

{

private string name;

// Property to get and set the name

public string Name

{

get { return name; }

set { name = value; }

}

Auto-Implemented Properties:- For simple properties that do not require additional logic in the accessors, you can use auto-implemented properties.

Example:-

public class Employee

{

// Auto-implemented property

public int ID { get; set; }

public string Name { get; set; }

}

Read-Only Properties:- A read-only property has only a get accessor and can only be assigned a value in the constructor or directly in the property definition.

Example:-

public class Car

{

// Read-only property

public string Model { get; }

public Car(string model)

{

Model = model;

}

Computed Properties:- Properties can also compute values dynamically based on other fields or properties.

Example:-

public class Car

{

// Read-only property

public string Model { get; }

public Car(string model)

{

Model = model;

}

METHODS:- Methods are blocks of code that perform a specific task. They can accept input parameters, execute a sequence of statements, and optionally return a value. Methods help in organizing and reusing code.

Defining Methods :- A method definition includes a return type, a method name, a parameter list (optional), and a body enclosed in braces.

Syntax:-

returnType MethodName(parameters)

{

// Method body

}

Example:-

public class Calculator

{

// Method to add two numbers

public int Add(int a, int b)

{

return a + b;

}

// Method to multiply two numbers

public int Multiply(int a, int b)

{

return a * b;

}

Calling Methods:- Methods are called using the object of the class in which they are defined, or directly if they are static.

Example:-

public class Program

{

public static void Main(string[] args)

{

Calculator calc = new Calculator();

int sum = calc.Add(5, 3);

int product = calc.Multiply(5, 3);

Console.WriteLine("Sum: " + sum);

Console.WriteLine("Product: " + product);

}

Method Overloading:- Method overloading allows you to define multiple methods with the same name but different parameter lists. The compiler determines which method to call based on the arguments passed.

Example:-

public class Printer

{

// Method to print an integer

public void Print(int number)

{

Console.WriteLine("Number: " + number);

}

// Method to print a string

public void Print(string message)

{

Console.WriteLine("Message: " + message);

}

Static Methods:- Static methods belong to the class itself rather than an instance of the class. They are called using the class name.

Example:-

public class MathUtilities

{

public static int Square(int number)

{

return number * number;

}

public class Program

{

public static void Main(string[] args)

{

int square = MathUtilities.Square(4);

Console.WriteLine("Square: " + square);

}

TYPES / NAMES OF CONTROLS IN ASP.NET / USERS CONTROL IN C#:- A control method is simply a function (method) that is used to control the behavior of a control (UI element) like a Button, TextBox, Label, etc.

Basic Controls:-ASP.NET provides three types of button control:-

(1) Button : It displays text within a rectangular area.

Link Button : It displays text that looks like a hyperlink.

Image Button : It displays an image.

Common properties of the button control:-

Property	Description
Text	The text displayed on the button. This is for button and link button controls only.
ImageUrl	For image button control only. The image to be displayed for the button.
AlternateText	For image button control only. The text to be displayed if the browser cannot display the image.
CausesValidation	Determines whether page validation occurs when a user clicks the button. The default is true.
CommandName	A string value that is passed to the command event when a user clicks the button.
CommandArgument	A string value that is passed to the command event when a user clicks the button.
PostBackUrl	The URL of the page that is requested when the user clicks the button.

(2) Text Boxes and Labels:-

Text box controls are typically used to accept input from the user. A text box control can accept one or more lines of text depending upon the settings of the TextMode attribute.

Label controls provide an easy way to display text which can be changed from one execution of a page to the next. If you want to display text that does not change, you use the literal text.

Property	Description
TextMode	Specifies the type of text box. SingleLine creates a standard text box, MultiLIne creates a text box that accepts more than one line of text and the Password causes the characters that are entered to be masked. The default is SingleLine.
Text	The text content of the text box.
MaxLength	The maximum number of characters that can be entered into the text box.
Wrap	It determines whether or not text wraps automatically for multi-line text box; default is true.
ReadOnly	Determines whether the user can change the text in the box; default is false, i.e., the user can not change the text.
Columns	The width of the text box in characters. The actual width is determined based on the font that is used for the text entry.
Rows	The height of a multi-line text box in lines. The default value is 0, means a single line text box.

3) Check Boxes and Radio Buttons:- A check box displays a single option that the user can either check or uncheck and radio buttons present a group of options from which the user can select just one option.

To create a group of radio buttons, you specify the same name for the GroupName attribute of each radio button in the group. If more than one group is required in a single form, then specify a different group name for each group.

If you want check box or radio button to be selected when the form is initially displayed, set its Checked attribute to true. If the Checked attribute is set to true for multiple radio buttons in a group, then only the last one is considered as true.

Property	Description
Text	The text displayed next to the check box or radio button.
Checked	Specifies whether it is selected or not, default is false.
GroupName	Name of the group the control belongs to.

(4) List Controls:- ASP.NET provides the following controls

i. Drop-down list,

ii. List box,

iii. Radio button list,

iv. Check box list,

v. Bulleted list.

Property	Description
Items	The collection of ListItem objects that represents the items in the control. This property returns an object of type ListItemCollection.
Rows	Specifies the number of items displayed in the box. If actual list contains more rows than displayed then a scroll bar is added.
SelectedIndex	The index of the currently selected item. If more than one item is selected, then the index of the first selected item. If no item is selected, the value of this property is -1.
SelectedValue	The value of the currently selected item. If more than one item is selected, then the value of the first selected item. If no item is selected, the value of this property is an empty string ("").
SelectionMode	Indicates whether a list box allows single selections or multiple selections.

Common properties of each list item objects:-

Property	Description
Text	The text displayed for the item.
Selected	Indicates whether the item is selected.
Value	A string value associated with the item.

(5) HyperLink Control:- The HyperLink control is like the HTML <a> element.

Basic syntax for a hyperlink control:-

Property	Description
ImageUrl	Path of the image to be displayed by the control.
NavigateUrl	Target link URL.
Text	The text to be displayed as the link.
Target	The window or frame which loads the linked page.

(6) Image Control:- The image control is used for displaying images on the web page, or some alternative text, if the image is not available.

Property	Description
AlternateText	Alternate text to be displayed in absence of the image.
ImageAlign	Alignment options for the control.
ImageUrl	Path of the image to be displayed by the control.

EXPOSING USER CONTROL PROPERTIES AND METHODS:-

Meaning of “Exposing” in C#:- Simple Definition:- Exposing means making something accessible (available) to other classes, pages, or users. In C# (especially ASP.NET), When we say “exposing properties and methods”, it means, Making variables (properties) and functions (methods) of a control accessible from outside, such as from a web page or another class. OR in C# “Exposing” means making internal members (data or functions) accessible to the outside world in a controlled way.

Example (Simple Concept):-

public string Name { get; set; } // public = exposed (accessible outside), private = not exposed (hidden)

So, Exposing = using access modifiers like public to allow access (Meaning of get and set:- get → Read value (Access the value, set → Assign value (Assign the value to a variable)

Example Without Exposing (Problem)

</> c#

string message = "Hello";

This is private by default, so, Other pages cannot access it

Example With Exposing (Solution):- public string Message { get; set; }

Now:- Other pages can access it, So, Exposing = using access modifiers (mainly public) to allow controlled access

TYPES OF EXPOSING:- There are 3 main types.

TYPE 1: Exposing Properties:-Meaning:- Making data (variables) accessible using public properties.

FULL EXAMPLE:- User Control User Interface) UI (MyControl.ascx)

</>asp

<asp:Label ID="lblName" runat="server"></asp:Label>

Code Behind (MyControl.ascx.cs)

</>c#

public partial class MyControl : System.Web.UI.UserControl

{

public string NameText

{

get

{

return lblName.Text;

}

set

{

lblName.Text = value;

}

Main Page (Default.aspx.cs):-

</>C#

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

MyControl1.NameText = "Ajay Kumar";

}

OUTPUT:-Label shows: Ajay Kumar

TYPE 2: Exposing Methods:- Meaning:- Making functions accessible using public.

FULL EXAMPLE:- In User Control

</>C#

FULL EXAMPLE:- In User Control

public void DisplayMessage(string msg)

{

lblName.Text = msg;

}

In Web Page

</>C#

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

MyControl1.DisplayMessage("Welcome Ajay!");

}

OUTPUT:- Label shows: Welcome Ajay!

EXAMPLE OF FULL WORKING PROGRAM of Exposing User Control Properties and Methods in ASP.NET (C#) with:-

Example Goal:- We will create:- A User Control that shows a message, The Main Page will,

Set message using Property, Change message using Method

(1) Create User Control (MyControl.ascx):- Design User Interface (UI)

</>asp

<%@ Control Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="MyControl.ascx.cs" Inherits="MyControl" %>

<asp:Label ID="lblMessage" runat="server" Text="Default Message"></asp:Label>

<br />

<asp:Button ID="btnChange" runat="server" Text="Click Me" OnClick="btnChange_Click" />

(2) Code Behind (MyControl.ascx.cs):-

</>c#

using System;

public partial class MyControl : System.Web.UI.UserControl

{

// Exposing Property

public string Message

{

get { return lblMessage.Text; }

set { lblMessage.Text = value; }

}

// Exposing Method

public void ShowMessage(string msg)

{

lblMessage.Text = msg;

}

// Internal button event

protected void btnChange_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

lblMessage.Text = "Message changed inside User Control!";

}

(3) Register User Control in Main Page (Default.aspx):-

</>asp

<%@ Register Src="~/MyControl.ascx" TagPrefix="uc" TagName="MyControl" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<title>User Control Example</title>

</head>

<body>

<uc:MyControl ID="MyControl1" runat="server" />

<asp:Button ID="btnSet" runat="server" Text="Set Property" OnClick="btnSet_Click" />

<asp:Button ID="btnMethod" runat="server" Text="Call Method" OnClick="btnMethod_Click" />

</form>

</body>

</html>

(4) Code Behind (Default.aspx.cs):-

</>c#

using System;

public partial class Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{

protected void btnSet_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

// Using Property

MyControl1.Message = "Hello Ajay (From Property)";

}

protected void btnMethod_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

// Using Method

MyControl1.ShowMessage("Hello Ajay (From Method)");

}

OUTPUT EXPLANATION:- Initial Output, Shows:-

Label → “Default Message”

Button → “Click Me”

Two buttons → Set Property, Call Method

After Clicking “Set Property”:- Output:-Hello Ajay (From Property), Property is used

After Clicking “Call Method”:- Output:- Hello Ajay (From Method), Method is used

Final Exam Definition:- Exposing user control properties and methods in C# means making the internal data and functions of a user control accessible to the parent page using public members, so that the page can interact with and control the behavior of the user control.

ASP.NET CONTROLS:-

VALIDATION :- The validation control is used to implement page level validity of data entered in the server controls. This check is done before the page is posted back ( POSTBACK Means the data cannot upload to the server until the client validation is executed successfully) to the server, thus avoid a round trip to the server. If the data does not pass validation, it will display an error message to the user. It is an important part of any web application.

The Validation controls are used for validating the data entered in Text Box(input) controls. When any user enters the data on a text Box (web page) and submits the page on the server ,then validation controls are used to check the data field entered by the user .if any data entered by the user is invalid (not correct format) then validation control displays an error message on the screen. All the error message is defined as properties values of validation controls. All the validation controls comes

under System.UI.Webcontrols Namespace.

There are two types of validation:-

1. Client side validation.

2. Server side validation.

(1) CLIENT SIDE VALIDATION :- Client-side validation makes the process fast as there is less number of hits to the server. It is good but we have to be dependent on browser and scripting language support. The main advantage is that it prevents a page from being POSTBACK to the server until the client validation is executed successfully. Client-side validation is a great convenience for users. It saves time they would otherwise spend waiting for a round trip to the server that might return validation errors. ASP.NET validation controls provide functionality to perform validation using client script. By default, when client-side validation is being performed, the user cannot post the page to the server if there are errors on the page thus the user experience with the page is enhanced.

Client-side objects:- Page_IsValid Boolean variable, Indicates whether the page is currently valid. The validation scripts keep this up to date at all times.

Page_ValidationActive Boolean variable:- Indicates whether validation should take place. Set this variable to False to turn off validation programmatically.

Isvalid:- Boolean property, This is a property on each client validator indicating whether it is currently valid.

Page_ValidationSummaries Array of elements:- This is an array containing all of the validation summaries on the page.

Client-Side APIs:- ValidatorValidate(val), Takes a client-validator as input. Makes the validator check its input and update its display.

ValidatorEnable(val, enable):- Takes a client-validator and a Boolean value. Enables or disables a client validator. Being disabled will stop it from evaluating and it will always appear valid.

ValidatorHookupControl(control, val):- Takes an input HTML element and a client-validator. Modifies or creates the element’s change event so that it updates the validator when changed. This can be useful for custom validators that depend on multiple input values.

Page_ClientValidate(val):- Takes validation group as input and validate all validators of the group and returns bool.

(2) SERVER SIDE VALIDATION:- Server-side validation is used to remove the limitation of client browsers dependencies and scripting language support. In the Server Side Validation We can use ASP.NET validation , which will ensure client , and server validation. It work on both end, first it will work on client validation and then on server validation. In the Server Side Validation, the input submitted by the user is being sent to the server and validated using one of server side scripting languages such as ASP.Net, PHP etc. After the validation process on the Server Side, the feedback is sent back to the client by a new dynamically generated web page.

Server side validation for asp.net textbox, dropdownlist, checkboxlist, radiobuttonlist, listbox, checkbox and radiobutton controls

THERE ARE SOME IMPORTANT VALIDATION CONTROLS THAT ARE USED IN ASP.NET. WHICH ARE GIVEN BELOW :-

(1) The RequiredField Validator control

(2) The RangeValidator control

(3) The RegularExpressionValidator control

(4) The CompareValidator control

(5) The customValidator control

(6) The Validationsummary control

(1) The RequiredField Validator control ;- The RequiredFieldValidator control is used to make an input control as a mandatory field or the input field should not be empty. The other validation controls do not validate for an empty field. They validate, when user enter the data.

For example, :- you can specify that users must fill password in a password TextBox before submit the login form., You have to set two important properties when using the RequiredFieldValdiator control.

Properties :- ControlToValidate: The ID of the control for which RequiredFieldValidator control will be associated.

ErrorMessage:- This property is used to show the error message, if the user forget to enter the data, then custom error message will appear.

You have to set the above two given property in all the ASP.NET validation control. These two properties are common to all validation control except ValidationSummary control.

Example:-

<asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" Width="200px">

</asp:TextBox>

<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="RequiredFieldValidator1" runat="server"

ControlToValidate="txtName" ErrorMessage="Enter Name" ForeColor="Red">

</asp:RequiredFieldValidator>

Others properties of RequiredField Validator control

Property	Description
AccessKey	It is used to set keyboard shortcut for the control.
BackColor	It is used to set background color of the control.
BorderColor	It is used to set border color of the control.
Font	It is used to set font for the control text.
ForeColor	It is used to set color of the control text.
Height	It is used to set height of the control.
Width	It is used to set width of the control.

(2) The RangeValidator control :- It confirms that user input data is within a specified range of values. The input value should come between a certain minimum and maximum value otherwise it will give error.

Set the Type property according to input data while using the RangeValidator control. By default, the Type property has the value String. If you want to specify the range of date of birth, then set Type as Date. Along with ControlToValidate and ErrorMessage you have to set the following property of RangeValidator control.

Important Properties:-

MinimumValue: The minimum value of the validation range. MaximumValue: The maximum value of the validation range.

Type : ( Type means which type of values you want to entered in the textbox) Possible values are String, Integer, Double, Date, and Currency.

Some Others properties :- Example

<asp:TextBox ID="txtAge" runat="server" Width="90px">

</asp:TextBox>

<asp:RangeValidator ID="RangeValidator1" runat="server" ForeColor="Red" ControlToValidate="txtAge" ErrorMessage="Enter age between 18 to 60" MaximumValue="60" MinimumValue="18" Type="Integer">

</asp:RangeValidator>

Property	Description
AccessKey	It is used to set keyboard shortcut for the control.
BackColor	It is used to set background color of the control.
BorderColor	It is used to set border color of the control.
Font	It is used to set font for the control text.
ForeColor	It is used to set color of the control text.
Height	It is used to set height of the control.
Width	It is used to set width of the control.
ToolTip	It displays the text when mouse is over the control.
MinimumValue	The minimum value of the validation range.
MaximumValue	The maximum value of the validation range.

(3) The RegularExpressionValidator control :- The RegularExpressionValidator control performs its validation according to the regular expression. You can check the predefined pattern, such as a phone number, postal code, e- mail address, dates, and so on. The control uses the ValidationExpression property to set a valid regular expression that is applied to the input data.

RegularExpression Properties:-

Property	Description
AccessKey	It is used to set keyboard shortcut for the control.
BackColor	It is used to set background color of the control.
BorderColor	It is used to set border color of the control.
Font	It is used to set font for the control text.
ForeColor	It is used to set color of the control text.
Height	It is used to set height of the control.
Width	It is used to set width of the control.
ToolTip	It displays the text when mouse is over the control.
ErrorMessage	It is used to set error message that display when validation fails.
ControlToValidate	It takes ID of control to validate.
ValidationExpression	It is used to set regular expression to determine validity.

Example

<asp:TextBox ID="txtEmailID" runat="server" Width="200px">

</asp:TextBox>

<asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="RegularExpressionValidator1"

runat="server"

ForeColor="Red" ControlToValidate="txtEmailID" ErrorMessage="Enter correct EmailID"

ValidationExpression="\w+([-+.']\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*">

</asp:RegularExpressionValidator>

NOTE :-( ValidationExpression="\w+([-+.']\w+)*@\w+([-

.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*"> )

It is use to check whether or not the text matches a certain pattern. There are some elements that used to make expression, which are given below:-

\d --> [0->9] .it takes value zero to nine.

\D--> Other than [0->9].

\w --> [a->z][A->Z][0->9]

\s --> space

\S--> other value except space.

{Length}-->{min ,max}

[ ] --> choice of given character(one out of them).

( ) --> group of validator

| --> OR

We can use special characters which are given below:

* --> 0 -> more numeric values

+ --> 1 --> more numeric values

? --> 0(min) or 1 (max)

(4) The CompareValidator control :- CompareValidator control is used to perform three different types of validation tasks.

(1) To perform a data type check.

(2) To compare the value entered into a form field against a given fixed value.

(3) To compare the value of one form field against another field.

Property	Description
AccessKey	It is used to set keyboard shortcut for the control.
BackColor	It is used to set background color of the control.
BorderColor	It is used to set border color of the control.
Font	It is used to set font for the control text.
ForeColor	It is used to set color of the control text.
Height	It is used to set height of the control.
Width	It is used to set width of the control.
ToolTip	It displays the text when mouse is over the control.
ErrorMessage	It is used to set error message that display when validation fails.
ControlToCompare	It takes ID of control to compare with.
ControlToValidate	It takes ID of control to validate.
Operator	Given values are DataTypeCheck, Equal, GreaterThan, GreaterThanEqual, LessThan, LessThanEqual and NotEqual..
Type:	The type of value for comparison. Given values are String, Integer, Double, Date, and Currency.

Example:-

<asp:TextBox D="txtConPassword" runat="server"

Width="164px" TextMode="Password">

</asp:TextBox>

<asp:CompareValidator ID="CompareValidator1" runat="server"

ForeColor="Red"

ControlToCompare="txtPassword" ControlToValidate="txtConPassword" ErrorMessage="Re-Enter Password">

</asp:CompareValidator>

(5) The customValidator control :- (customValidator control means write your method to perform extra validation )

ASP.NET provides different types of inbuilt validation controls, which provides number of validation facilities. In many situations these inbuilt validation controls does not work and you want custom validation control.

CustomValidator control enables you to create your own validation and that validation can run with the other validation control on the page. The CustomValidator control performs validation, based upon your code, you write. You can write validation code that will be executed on the client side using JavaScript,or with server-side validation.

The CustomValidator control can work client-side, server-side, or both.

Drag the CustomValidator control on the web page. Set the ControlToValidate and ErrorMessage property. Double click on the CustomValidator control; you will get the event handler as: protected void CustomValidator1_ServerValidate(object source, ServerValidateEventArgs args )

{

}

Suppose that a user wants the input validation with following criteria.

(A) Password must be between 6-12 characters.

(B)   Must have one capital letter.

(C )   Must have one lowercase letter.

(D)   Must have one numeric value.

NOTE : NO MORE PROPERTIES IN CUSTOMVALIDATOR,

Write your custom logic in the given event handler as given below.

Example:-

using System;

using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

public partial class CustomValidation : System.Web.UI.Page

{

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

}

protected void CustomValidator1_ServerValidate(object source, ServerValidateEventArgs args )

{

string inputData = args.Value; args.IsValid = false;

if (inputData.Length < 6 || inputData.Length > 12) return;

bool upperCase = false; foreach (char ch in inputData)

{

if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z')

{

upperCase = true; break;

}

if (!upperCase) return; bool lowerCase = false;

foreach (char ch in inputData)

{

if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z')

{

lowerCase = true; break;

}

if (!lowerCase) return; bool number = false;

foreach (char ch in inputData)

{

if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')

{

number = true; break;

}

if (!number) return; args.IsValid = true;

}

(6) The Validationsummary control :- This control summarizes the error messages from all validation controls on a Web page in a single location.

ValidationSummary control is useful when working with large forms.

If a user enters the wrong value in the field located at the end of the page, then the user might never see the error message. ValidationSummary control can displays a list of errors at the top of the form. It does not support ErrorMessage and ControlToValidate property. It automatically displays the error message in the form of MessageBox or summary if error occurs due to empty input field or wrong data.

Important Propertie :-

DisplayMode:- BulletList, List, and SingleParagraph

HeaderText:- Display header text above the validation summary.

ShowMessageBox: It is used to display a popup alert box

ShowSummary: It hides the validation summary in the page.

By default ShowMessageBox property value is set False and ShowSummary property value is set True. You can use these properties according to your need.

Example: In the given example, We have not entered EmpID and EmpName and entered some wrong data(Email, password), so you can see the error messages.

Example:-

<asp:ValidationSummary ID="ValidationSummary1" runat="server" >

</asp:ValidationSummary>

SOME OTHERS PROPERTIES:-

Property	Description
AccessKey	It is used to set keyboard shortcut for the control.
BackColor	It is used to set background color of the control.
BorderColor	It is used to set border color of the control.
Font	It is used to set font for the control text.
ForeColor	It is used to set color of the control text.
Height	It is used to set height of the control.
Width	It is used to set width of the control.
ToolTip	It displays the text when mouse is over the control.
ShowMessageBox	It displays a message box on error in up- level browsers.
ShowSummary	It is used to show summary text on the form page.
ShowValidationErrors	It is used to set whether the validation summary should be shown or not.

BaseValidator Class :- The validation control classes are inherited from the BaseValidator class hence they inherit its properties and methods. Therefore, it would help to take a look at the properties and the methods of this base class, which are common for all the validation controls:-

BaseValidator Class Members OR Properties are:-

Members	Description
ControlToValidate	Indicates the input control to validate.
Display	Indicates how the error message is shown.
EnableClientScript	Indicates whether client side validation will take.
ErrorMessage	Indicates error string.
Text	Error text to be shown if validation fails.
IsValid	Indicates whether the value of the control is valid.
SetFocusOnError	It indicates whether in case of an invalid control, the focus should switch to the related input control.
ValidationGroup	The logical group of multiple validators, where this control belongs.
Validate()	This method revalidates the control and updates the IsValid property.

RICH CONTROLS :-

In addition to the preceding controls, the ASP.NET page framework provides a few, task-specific controls called rich controls. Rich controls are built with multiple HTML elements and contain rich functionality.

Examples of rich controls are the Calendar control and the AdRotator control, FileUpload etc.

(1) THE CALENDAR CONTROL:- ASP.NET provides a Calendar control that is used to display a calendar on a Web page. ASP.NET Calendar control displays a month calendar that allows user to select dates and move to the next and previous months.

By default, this control displays the name of the current month, day headings for the days of the weeks, days of the month and arrow characters for navigation to the previous or next month.

The class hierarchy for this control is as follows: Object -> Control -> WebControl -> Calendar

The Calendar is complex, powerful Web server control that you can use to add a calendar feature to your web page. We can use Calendar control to display any date between 0 A.D. and 9999 A.D.

Properties and Events of the Calendar Control:-

Properties	Description
Caption	Gets or sets the caption for the calendar control.
CaptionAlign	Gets or sets the alignment for the caption.
CellPadding	Gets or sets the number of spaces between the data and the cell border.
CellSpacing	Gets or sets the space between cells.
DayHeaderStyle	Gets the style properties for the section that displays the day of the week.
DayNameFormat	Gets or sets format of days of the week.
DayStyle	Gets the style properties for the days in the displayed month.
FirstDayOfWeek	Gets or sets the day of week to display in the first column.
NextMonthText	Gets or sets the text for next month navigation control. The default value is >.
NextPrevFormat	Gets or sets the format of the next and previous month navigation control.
OtherMonthDayStyle	Gets the style properties for the days on the Calendar control that are not in the displayed month.
SelectedDate	Gets or sets the selected date.
TodaysDate	Gets or sets the value for today's date.

Events	Description
SelectionChanged	It is raised when a day, a week or an entire month is selected.
DayRender	It is raised when each data cell of the calendar control is rendered.
VisibleMonthChanged	It is raised when user changes a month.

Example how to take date:-

This is the code of date format

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

Label1.Text = Calendar1.SelectedDate.ToLongDateString();

Label2.Text = Calendar1.SelectedDate.ToShortDateString();

Label3.Text = Calendar1.TodaysDate.ToLongDateString();

Label4.Text = (Calendar1.TodaysDate - Calendar1.SelectedDate).Days.ToString();

}

(2) THE ADROTATOR :- (The AdRotator control will support only XML file during program execution) AdRotator is a Rich Web Control in ASP.NET. AdRotator control is used to make rotating advertisement in ASP.NET.It displays the different different images in web page when you refresh the web page. You can provide the information about the images which is displayed in AdRotator using XML file or database. When we click on the images it will redirect on NavigateUrl.

The following are the AdRotator class properties control.

(1) AdvertisementFile: The path of the XML file in which you store the information of images.

(2) AlternateTextField:- A data field to use instead of the Alt text for an advertisement.

(3) ImageUrlField:- The name of the image url field in which image path is store.

(4) NavigateUrlField:- The name of the navigate url field in which navigate url is store.

(5) Target: The target property specify frame that display the content of the AdRotator. It has four type _blank, _parent, _self, _top.

(6) DataSourceID:-This property overrides BaseDataBoundControl.DataSourceID and returns or sets the ID of the control from which the data-bound control retrieves its list of data items.

(7) DataSource :- This property gets or sets the object from which the data-bound control retrieves its list of data items. Its default value is a null reference (Nothing in VB.NET). When Web developers set the property, the ValidateDataSource method is called. In addition, if the data-bound control has already been initialized, the OnDataPropertyChanged method is called to set the RequiresDataBinding property to true. This property cannot be set by themes or style sheet themes.

(8) Font :- Software developer can use this property to specify the font properties of the Web Server control. This property includes subproperties that can be accessed declaratively in the form of Property-Subproperty (for example Font-Bold) or programmatically in the form of Property.Subproperty (for example Font.Bold).

Method

Description

Example

GetAdvertisement

Returns HTML that displays the advertisement in the page

<% set adrot=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.AdRo

tator")Response.Write(adrot.GetAdvertisement(

"ads.txt"))%>

HOW TO INSERT ADROTATOR CONTROL EXAMPLE IN ASP.NET STEPS :-

Step 1 – Open the Visual Studio –> Create a new empty Web application.

Step 2 – Create a New web page for display AdRotator control.

step 3 – Drag and drop AdRotator Control on web page from toolbox.

step 4 – go to Add New Item –> Add New XML File in project for write advertisement detail.

step 5 – Assign XML File to AdvertisementFile Property of AdRotator control.

The XML file code (AdXML.xml) is as: (Because The AdRotator control will support only XML code)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<Ad>

<ImageUrl>~/Images/image1.gif</ImageUrl>

<NavigateUrl>http://roseindia.net</NavigateUrl>

<AlternateText>Roseindia</AlternateText>

</Ad>

<Ad>

AdRotator.aspx (source page):

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" MasterPageFile="~/RoseindiaMaster.master" CodeFile="AdRotator.aspx.cs" Inherits="AdRotator" %>

<asp:Content ID="Content1" runat="server"

contentplaceholderid="ContentPlaceHolder1">

<div>

<h2 style="color:Green">AdRotator in ASP.NET 4, C#</h2>

<asp:AdRotator ID="AdRotator1" runat="server"

Width="468px" Height="60px"

AdvertisementFile="~/XML/Adxml.xml"/>

</div>

</asp:Content>

WHAT IS ADVERTISEMENT FILE PROPERTY IN ADROTATOR CONTROL :-

Use the AdvertisementFile property to specify the location of an XML file that contains advertisement information. The XML file must reside within the same Web site. For deployment and security purposes, it is strongly recommended that you place the file in the same Web application. It is only possible to access an XML file that is located in a different application on the same site if the application has sufficient trust.

You can set this property to either an absolute path or a path relative to the XML file. Use a relative path to simplify deployment. If you use a relative path, that path is relative to the location of the page or user control that contains the AdRotator control.

The AdvertisementFile property is optional. An advertisement can also be programmatically set in the AdCreated event.

The XML file contains the following predefined attributes. Only

the ImageUrl attribute is required. OR Advertisement File Elements which are required during web development and AdRotator use.

Attribute	Description
ImageUrl	The URL of the image to display.
Height	The height of the image, in pixels (optional).
Width	The width of the image, in pixels (optional).
NavigateUrl	The URL of the page to navigate to when the AdRotator control is clicked.
AlternateText	The text to display if the image is unavailable. On some browsers, this text is displayed as a ToolTip.
Keyword	The category for the advertisement. This is used by the AdRotator control to filter the list of advertisements for a specific category.
Impressions	A value that indicates how often an advertisement is displayed in relation to other advertisements in the XML file.

FileUpload:- The FileUpload control is a simple and straightforward control yet considered to be among the rich controls. As the name suggests, its purpose is to upload files and it easily resolves the problem to retrieve data from the user’s computer by using a programming language that executes entirely on the server. The FileUpload is declared like this:

<asp:FileUpload ID="MyUpload" runat="server" />

When inspecting the result on the browser, you can find out that this control generates the well known “<input type=”file”>” HTML tag. Since this tag doesn’t provide almost any customisation options, the FileUpload control isn’t quite customisable either. Generally, it represents a rectangular box containing a button-like graphic inside. When clicked on, this control opens a dialogue window to browse for files from. Once a file is chosen, it is displayed on the FileUpload control. However, this doesn’t mean the file is uploaded. It’s just readied and is uploaded later, when the page is posted back.

As mentioned above, the FileUpload is not especially customisable. There are, however, a few commonly used solutions to add some more functionality to the uploader.

A couple of examples:- Allowing multiple files to be uploaded at once by using the AllowMultiple property:-

<asp:FileUpload ID="MyUpload" AllowMultiple="true" runat="server" />

Modifying the uploaded file size limit: by default this limit is set to 4MB. Unlike the above example, this functionality can be altered through the config file by specifying a value for the maxRequestLength setting in the httpRuntime tag. In the following example files up to 16384 bytes (16MB) are allowed:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<system.web>

</system.web>

</configuration>

ExecutionTimeout is commonly used alongside maxRequestLength and it restricts the time in seconds for a file request to be executed. While extremely useful in some scenarios, maxRequestLength shouldn’t be used when not needed because abnormally large files can temporarily block the ASP .NET threads and even be part of Denial of Service

(DoS) attacks.

A PROGRAM FOR SIMPLE VALIDATION USING ALL VALIDATOR EXAMPLE :-

(1) Question :- Make a web form in ASP.NET using all Validator, Which will take Input from the user and validate all the entered record also check password and e mail id, and display appropriate message if entered information are wrong.

Answer step by step :-

1 Step : Start → Visual studio → project → c# →web

→ ASP.NET web application or ASP.NET empty web application → file name →set location → ok

2 step: - After click , You see right side of the screen and there is a option Solution explorer and just below the web file name(ajayWeb) which is create by you, Now select that file name (ajayWeb) and click right button of the mouse →Add→New Item → visual c# → web form → here give the file (like validatorCheck) → Add (After click Add you will get some code of HTML)

(THIS IS AUTOMATIC GENERATED CODE BY SYSTEM )

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="velaiNew1.aspx.cs" Inherits="WebApplication4.velaiNew1" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0

Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1- transitional.dtd">

<title>Untitled Page</title>

</head>

<body>

<div>

</div>

</form>

</body>

</html>

Just below the there is a option DESIGN,

Now click on Design tab

After click design tab you will get like this screen

NOW

3 STEP :- Table (Menu) → Insert table → Row, Columns

( Select rows and columns as per your requirement) Her I will take rows=5 and columns=3 → ok

4 step :- ToolBox→ Label (Now drag and drop five (5) labels in your table, in 1st row label1, 2nd row label2, 3rd row label3, 4th row label4, 5th row label5, and Change the Text of all labels in proprieties of label like label1 = ENTER USER NAME, label2 = ENTER USER AGE, etc.)

5TH STEP :- Button (Drag and drop on the web form just)

6TH STEP :- ToolBox → TextBox (Drag and drop textbox in front of the labels like in front of label1=TextBox1, label2=TextBox2, label3=TextBox3, label4=TextBox4, label5=TextBox5.

(THIS IS THE FIGURE THE SCREEN SHOT OF LABELS AND TEXT CHANGE WITH TEXTBOX )

7 STEP :- Now keep mouse pointer in the 3rd column of the table which kept on the web form.

(NOTE :- NOW I AM USING The RequiredField Validator control by this control user con not leave the Empty any TextBox )

8 STEP:- ToolBox → Validation → RequiredField Validator (Double click on the RequiredFieldValidator or Drag and drop in the table, like TextBox1= RequiredFieldValidator, TextBox2= RequiredFieldValidator, TextBox3= RequiredFieldValidator, TextBox4= RequiredFieldValidator, TextBox5= RequiredFieldValidator,).

9 STEP :- Select RequiredFieldValidator of the TextBox1 and go to properties of RequiredFieldValidator in ErrorMessage option and put the message Like ErrorMessage = ENTER USER NAME, and Properties ControlToValidate=TextBox1

Now do the same thing in all the ErrorMessage like TextBox2=ENTER USER AGE, and Properties ControlToValidate=TextBox2, TextBox3=ENTER USER E MAIL ID, and Properties ControlToValidate=TextBox3,

TextBox4=ENTER PASSWORD, and Properties ControlToValidate=TextBox4, TextBox5=ENTER CONFIRM PASSWORD, and Properties ControlToValidate=TextBox5 )

(THIS IS THE FIGURE THE SCREEN SHOT OF

RequiredField Validator control WITH ALL TEXTBOX )

(NOTE :- NOW I AM USING:- The CompareValidator control, By this control we can compare of two control like password and confirm password)

10 STEP:- Now again keep the mouse pointer, near the TextBox5 RequiredField Validator control for confirm checking,

11 STEP:- ToolBox → Validation → CompareValidator (Double click on control) after double click on control select the CompareValidator and go to properties ErrorMessage (option)= confirm Password is not matching,

Proporties ControlToValidate = TextBox5, Proporties ControlToCompare=TextBox4 (Because we will compare password(TextBox4) and confirm password (TextBox5)

(THIS IS THE FIGURE THE SCREEN SHOT OF

CompareValidator WITH TEXTBOX4, TEXTBOX5 )

(NOTE :- NOW I AM USING The RangeValidator control , By this control we can specify the range of any TextBox entry like enter age 1 to 30, Phone no. max 10 digits etc.)

12 STEP:- Now again keep the mouse pointer, near the TextBox2 RequiredField Validator control for range checking minimum and maximum

13 STEP:- ToolBox → Validation → RangeValidator (Double click on control) after double click on control select the RangeValidator and go to properties ErrorMessage (option)= ENTER AGE BETWEEN 18 TO 30 , Proporties ControlToValidate = TextBox2, Proporties MinimamValue=18, Proporties MaximamValue=30, Proporties Type=Integer )

(THIS IS THE FIGURE THE SCREEN SHOT OF RangeValidator WITH TEXTBOX2 )

(NOTE :- NOW I AM USING The RegularExpressionValidator control , By this control we can check entered E Mail ID is Valid or Not )

14 STEP:- Now again keep the mouse pointer, near the TextBox3 RequiredField Validator control for E Mail ID checking

15 STEP:- ToolBox → Validation → RegularExpressionValidator (Double click on control) after double click on control select the RegularExpressionValidator and go to properties ErrorMessage (option)= ENTER VALID E MAIL ID , Proporties ControlToValidate = TextBox3, Proporties ValidationExpression= Internet e mail address )

(THIS IS THE FIGURE THE SCREEN SHOT OF

RegularExpressionValidator WITH TEXTBOX3 )

(NOTE :- NOW I AM USING The Validationsummary control , By this control we can summaries all the Error Message at a place which is write by the programmer )

16 STEP:- Now again keep the mouse pointer anywhere on the web form.

17 STEP:- ToolBox → Validation → Validationsummary control (Double click on control)

(THIS IS THE FIGURE THE SCREEN SHOT OF Validationsummary )

(NOTE :- NOW I AM USING The customValidator control , customValidator control is use only manually during the code writing by the programmer )

NOW RUN THE FILE

(2) Question: - Make a web page to display the advertisement random during internet web site executing using The AdRotator control in ASP.NET.

Answer :-

1 Step:- Start → Visual studio → File → new → project → visual c# → web → ASP.NET → web application form → File name (webABC) → ok

After ok you will get like this screen

Now see right side of the screen there is solution webabc(file name), and just below WEBABC(File name)

2 step :- select WEBABC file from solution explorer and right click of the mouse and select Add →New Item → visual c# → web form → then give file name OR leave it → ADD

3 step :- Go to Deign Tab (Just below, WEB FORM1) → Toolbox→Label (properties Text= MADE BY AJAY KUAMR PATHAK)

ALSO TYPE DIRECTLY ON THE WEB PAGE TO DISPLAY RANDOMLY ADVERTISEMENTS USING ADROTATOR IN ASP.NET )

4 STEP :- Table (Menu) → Insert table (Select rows=2, columns =1) → ok (Now expend the table size)

5 step:- ToolBox → label (properties Text = Sponsored Advertisement)

5 step :- ToolBox → AdRotator (Drag and drop on the web form

6 STEP :- (Now we will work in XML file because AdRotator control executive in XML file)

Now see right , there is solution explorer, just below WEBABC (file name) selct webabc right click of the mouse on webabc and → Add →New Item →visual C# → XML file → now give file name like (ADVERTISEMENTS_XMLFile1.xml) → Add.

After add XML file the screen will look like

(7) step :- Now go to web form, then go to solution explorer→ WEBABC file → right click mouse select Add → New Folder (change name folder name like JPEG FILE NAME) →Now select JPEG

folder → Add → Existing Item → Now select here folder name where you have stored the jpeg file for advertisement , select file and click → Add (after click add all jpeg file will store in New folder where we created like JPGE folder, now all file will display in the folder)

(8) step: - Now go to web file where all XML code is displaying → write code of XML for adding the jpeg file

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<Ad>

<ImageUrl> advertisement\A.JPEG </ImageUrl>

<NavigateUrl>http:www.facebook.com </NavigateUrl>

<AlternateText>facebook </AlternateText>

<TargetUrl>_blank</TargetUrl>

<Keyword>small</Keyword>

</Ad>

<Ad>

<ImageUrl> advertisement\B.JPEG</ImageUrl>

<NavigateUrl>http:www.facebook.com

</NavigateUrl>

<AlternateText>facebook </AlternateText>

<TargetUrl>_blank</TargetUrl>

<Keyword>small</Keyword>

</Ad>

</advertisements>

9 step :- Now go to web file where we have kept the AdRotator control, and slect AdRatotor control, after select control a AdRotator Tasks Bar will display like this (in screen shot)

10 step :- Now Click choose data source → select data source (After click data source will display Data XML file Like this (screen shot)

Click Browse → select XML file which is created (Advertisement_XMLfile.xml → ok →ok (After ok you can back on the web form)

Now run the program

(3) Question: - Make a web page to display the calendar control during internet web site executing using Calender control in ASP.NET.

1 step : Start → visual studio → file → new → project → web → ASP.NET application → (Give file name) like Date_calender→ ok

2 step : (Select) Design Tab → ToolBox → calendar (Drag and Drop on web page)

3. STEP :- Caption (Priorities of calendar, Select Date )

4 STEP :- Right click of the mouse and select view code after select view code the code display like this (code screen)

After that you write the code

using System;

using System.Collections; using System.Configuration; using System.Data;

using System.Linq; using System.Web;

using System.Web.Security; using System.Web.UI;

using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts; using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace WebApplication6

{

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

Label1.Text = Calendar1.SelectedDate.ToLongDateString(); Label2.Text = Calendar1.SelectedDate.ToShortDateString();

}

Now run the programe (Ctrl + F5)

After code write this is the output of the calendar

UPLOADING FILES TO A WEB SERVER:- ASP.NET’s FileUpload is an input controller used to upload files to a server. It appears on the screen with a browse button and opens up a dialogue box to choose a file or multiple files to upload from the local storage to the server. This is a server-side control provided by ASP.NET. Implementing this feature is quite easy.

ASP.NET has two controls that allow users to upload files to the web server. Once the server receives the posted file data, the application can save it, check it, or ignore it. The following controls allow the file uploading:

(1) HtmlInputFile - an HTML server control

(2) FileUpload - and ASP.NET web control

Both controls allow file uploading, but the FileUpload control automatically sets the encoding of the form, whereas the HtmlInputFile does not do so.

We use the FileUpload control. The FileUpload control allows the user to browse for and select the file to be uploaded, providing a browse button and a text box for entering the filename.

Once, the user has entered the filename in the text box by typing the name or browsing, the SaveAs method of the FileUpload control can be called to save the file to the disk.

The basic syntax of FileUpload is:-

<asp:FileUpload ID= "Uploader" runat = "server" />

The FileUpload class is derived from the WebControl class, and inherits all its members. Apart from those, the FileUpload class has the following read-only properties:-

Properties	Description
FileBytes	Returns an array of the bytes in a file to be uploaded.
FileContent	Returns the stream object pointing to the file to be uploaded.
FileName	Returns the name of the file to be uploaded.
HasFile	Specifies whether the control has a file to upload.
PostedFile	Returns a reference to the uploaded file.

The posted file is encapsulated in an object of type HttpPostedFile, which could be accessed through the PostedFile property of the FileUpload class.

The HttpPostedFile class has the following frequently used properties:-

Properties	Description
ContentLength	Returns the size of the uploaded file in bytes.
ContentType	Returns the MIME type of the uploaded file.
FileName	Returns the full filename.
InputStream	Returns a stream object pointing to the uploaded file.

Example:- The following example demonstrates the FileUpload control and its properties. The form has a FileUpload control along with a save button and a label control for displaying the file name, file type, and file length.

In the design view, the form looks as follows:-

The content file code is as given:-

<body>

<div>

<h3> File Upload:</h3>

<br />

<asp:FileUpload ID="FileUpload1" runat="server" />

<asp:Button ID="btnsave" runat="server" onclick="btnsave_Click" Text="Save" style="width:85px" />

<asp:Label ID="lblmessage" runat="server" />

</div>

</form>

</body>

The code behind the save button is as given:-

protected void btnsave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

if (FileUpload1.HasFile)

{

try

{

sb.AppendFormat(" Uploading file: {0}", FileUpload1.FileName);

//saving the file

FileUpload1.SaveAs("<c:\\SaveDirectory>" + FileUpload1.FileName);

//Showing the file information

sb.AppendFormat("<br/> Save As: {0}", FileUpload1.PostedFile.FileName);

sb.AppendFormat("<br/> File type: {0}", FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentType);

sb.AppendFormat("<br/> File length: {0}", FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentLength);

sb.AppendFormat("<br/> File name: {0}", FileUpload1.PostedFile.FileName);

}catch (Exception ex)

{

sb.Append("<br/> Error <br/>");

sb.AppendFormat("Unable to save file <br/> {0}", ex.Message);

}

else

{

lblmessage.Text = sb.ToString();

}

THE END UNIT 4 ASP.NET

cswithpathak BY DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

Tuesday, March 17, 2026

UNIT 4 MJ–12 (Th):- WEB PROGRAMMING (UNIT NAME :- ASP.NET)

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