Monday, January 26, 2026

UNIT 5 :-PYTHON PROGRAMMING B. Sc. IT SEM 5


 

DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR


READ  ALL THE NOTES CHAPTER WISE  OF PYTHON PROGRAMMING FOR B. SC IT SEM 5 F.Y.U.G.P. 

UNIT 5
SUBJECT:- MJ-9 :(Th) PYTHON PROGRAMMING 

LEARN NOTES FROM HERE
PREPARED BY DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK 
                                ©Copyrights 
        MJ-9 PYTHON PROGRAMMING

Copyright © by Dr. Ajay kumar pathak

B. Sc IT SEMESTER 5 NOTES BASED ON NEP

SUBJECT : MJ - 9 (Th): PYTHON PROGRAMMING

(To be selected by the students from)

NOTES OF UNIT 5 OF PYTHON PROGRAMMING


Objectives

Understand computer programming concept using python language. Explore basic data types, control structures and standard library functions. Explore the basic data structures: List, Tuple, Sets, Dictionaries available in python. Learning Object oriented concept of programming and its implementation in python.

Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the course, students will be able to–

·         Solve the basic mathematical problem using python programming.

·         Use basic data types control structures and utility functions from standard library for faster programming.

·         Use the basic and user defined data structures as per the need of problem. Design and implement the problem using OOP concept of python.

Detailed Syllabus

Unit 1

8 classes

Introduction to Python: Introduction, The History of Python, Features of python

language, Getting Started with Python, Programming Style and Documentation,

Programming Errors.

Elementary Programming: Introduction, Writing a Simple Program, Reading

Input from the Console, Identifiers, Variables, Assignment Statements, and

Expressions, Simultaneous Assignments, Named Constants, Numeric Data Types

and Operators, Evaluating Expressions and Operator Precedence, Augmented

Assignment Operators, Type Conversions and Rounding.

Unit 2

7 classes

Control Structures: Selections: Introduction, Boolean Types, Values, and Expressions, if Statements, Two-Way if-else Statements, Nested if and Multi-Way

if-else if-else Statements, Logical Operators, Conditional Expressions, Loops:

Introduction, The while Loop, The for Loop, Nested Loops, Keywords break and

continue

Unit 3

10 classes

Functions: Introduction, Defining a Function, Calling a Function, Functions

with/without Return Values, Positional and Keyword Arguments, Passing

Arguments by Reference Values, Modularizing code, The Scope of Variables,

Default Arguments, Returning Multiple Values.

Lists: Introduction, List Basics, Copying Lists, Passing Lists to Functions,

Returning a List from a Function, Searching Lists, Sorting, Processing Two-

Dimensional Lists, Passing Two-Dimensional Lists to Functions,

Multidimensional Lists.

Unit 4

10 classes

Tuples, Sets, and Dictionaries: Introduction, Tuples: Creating Tuples, Basic

Tuple Operations, Indexing and Slicing in Tuples, Tuple methods, Sets: Creating

Sets, Manipulating and Accessing Sets, Subset and Superset, Set Operations,

Comparing the Performance of Sets and Lists, Dictionaries: Creating a Dictionary,

Adding, Modifying, and Retrieving Values, Deleting Items, Looping Items, The

Dictionary Methods.

Unit 5

10 classes

Objects and Classes: Introduction, Defining Classes for Objects, Immutable

Objects vs. Mutable Objects, Hiding Data Fields, Class Abstraction and

Encapsulation.

Inheritance and Polymorphism: Introduction, Super classes and Subclasses,

Overriding Methods, The object Class, Polymorphism and Dynamic Binding, The

is instance function. Class Relationships: Association, Aggregation, composition.

Files and Exception Handling: Introduction, text input and output: opening a file,

Writing Data, Reading All Data from a File, Exception Handling.


Wednesday, January 21, 2026

E-COMMERCE AND DIGITAL MARKETING UNIT-5 (DIGITAL MARKETING - II ) B. SC IT SEM 5

 


DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK

 ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

UNIT 5 :- DIGITAL MARKETING - II 

 (MN-1C: E-COMMERCE AND DIGITAL MARKETING  ) 
READ ALL THE NOTES CHAPTER WISE OF E- COMMERCE AND DIGITAL MARKETING 5 F.Y.U.G.P.

Copyright © by Dr. Ajay kumar pathak

B. Sc IT SEMESTER 5 NOTES BASED ON NEP

SUBJECT : MN–1C  (Minor From Discipline–1

(To be selected by the students from)

MN-1C: E-COMMERCE AND DIGITAL MARKETING

NOTES OF THE E-COMMERCE AND DIGITAL MARKETING


Course Objectives:

  •  To understand the increasing significance of E-Commerce and its applications in Business.
  •  To provide an insight into Digital Marketing activities on various Social Media platforms and its emerging significance in Business
  • To understand Latest Trends, Practices in E-Commerce and Digital Marketing,

COURSE CONTENTS:

 

 

Unit-1

(10 Classes)

An overview of E-Business, Models, Types

·        Conceptual Framework of E-Commerce, General Model of Business; Defining E-commerce, Characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, adoption and impact of E- Business., Electronic Data Interchange (EDI); Types of e-Transactions B2B, B2C, C2C, C2B etc., Electronic

Storefronts, E-Marketplace

 

 

Unit-2

(12 Classes)

E-Business Technology and E Security

·        Web Presence – domain registration, website development, developing static and dynamic webpages and hosting, registering the Website with Search Engines.

·        Web server hardware and software; Data centre services.

·        Security – service providers, digital certificates, encryption, SSL, Digital signatures.

 

 

Unit-3

(10 Classes)

Electronic Payment Systems:

·        Overview of electronic Payment Technology, Online payment mechanism; Electronic Payment systems, payment Gateway, EFT, NEFT, RTGS, SWIFT, NFC, Green Channel.

·        Legal issues: Laws for E-Commerce, Issues of Trademarks & Domain Names

 

 

 

Unit-4

(14 Classes)

Digital Marketing I

·        Introduction to Digital Marketing, Advantages and Limitations of Digital Marketing. Keyword research, Competitor analysis in digital marketing.

·        Various Activities of Digital Marketing: Search Engine Algorithm, Search Engine Optimization and stages, Search Engine Marketing, Content Marketing and Content Influencer Marketing, Remarketing, Campaign Marketing, E-mail Marketing, Display Advertising, Blog

Marketing, Viral Marketing, Podcasts and Vodcasts.

 

 

Unit-5

(14 Classes)

Digital Marketing II

·        The P.O.E.M. framework.

·        Digital Marketing on Various Social Media Platforms.

·        Online Advertisement, Online Marketing Research, Online PR.

·        Web Analytics.

·        Promoting Web Traffic.

·        Latest Developments and Strategies in Digital Marketing.


 

DIGITAL EDUCATION UNIT 4 ( E- GOVERNANCE ) FOR SEM 1

Copyright © by Dr. Ajay kumar pathak

DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

UNIT 4
 (DIGITAL EDUCATION FOR ALL ) 
 READ  ALL THE NOTES CHAPTER WISE  OF DIGITAL EDUCATION FOR SEM 1 F.Y.U.G.P. 
 SEMESTER 1 NOTES BASED ON NEP

DIGITAL EDUCATION FOR SEM  1 :

BBA /B. COM / BCA / B Sc. Moths / B Sc. EWM / B.A / B. Sc IT 

Prepared BY DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK


KOLHAN UNIVERSITY, CHAIBASA

FYUGP SEMESTER -I UNDER NEP

SEC-1 (SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE)

DIGITAL EDUCATION

UNIT 4:


UNIT IV: E- Governance              

SYLLABUS                                                                 

Introduction of E-Governance in India, Types of E-Governance-G2C (Government to Citizen), G2E (Government to Employee), G2B (Government to Business), G2G (Government to Government), E - Governance in Jharkhand.

Suggested Readings:

E-Governance in India: Initiatives and issues by R.P.Sinha

Information & Communication Technology (ICT) in Education by Dr. Vanaja M,Dr. S Rajasekar, Dr. S. Arulsamy.

Digital India: Understanding Information, Communication and Social Change by Pradip N. 

Course Objectives:

This course is specially designed for better understanding of digital education in India. The course has been designed to introduce key concepts in digital education to the students to sharpen their understanding of importance and significance of digital education in India. The students need to develop a critical thinking about the development of India in the background of expanding digital networks and our constant dependence on them in our day-to-day life.

Learning Outcome

      Students will understand the meaning of digital education and its importance.

      They will be able to focus on different digital platform, its utility and its applications.

      The students will be exposed to different tools of digital education available in India.

      They will understand the importance of E-Learning in the changing context of Digital India.

      They will come to know about their responsibility as citizen in digital growth in India.



NOTES FROM HERE


E- Governance :  E-Governance, also known as electronic governance, refers to the use of information and communication technology (ICT) tools, such as computers, the Internet, and mobile devices, to enhance and transform the delivery of government services, information, and communication to citizens, businesses, and other government agencies.

The primary aim of e-governance is to make government services more accessible, efficient, and effective to the public by reducing bureaucratic delays, minimizing paperwork, and improving transparency and accountability. This is achieved through the automation of administrative processes, digitalization of records, and online delivery of services, which leads to greater efficiency, cost savings, and better service quality.

E-governance include a broad range of applications and services, including e-voting, online tax filing, online payment of fees and fines, digital identity and authentication, electronic procurement, and many others. It also promotes citizen participation in government decision-making processes through online platforms, such as social media, e-petitions, and online forums.

Overall, e-governance aims to transform the relationship between citizens and government, making it more interactive, transparent, and responsive to the needs of the people.

Thursday, January 8, 2026

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING UNIT- 4 (TESTING OBJECTIVES)

 




Copyright © by Dr. Ajay kumar pathak

B. Sc IT SEMESTER 5 NOTES BASED ON NEP

SUBJECT : MJ–11 (Th): SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

(To be selected by the students from)

NOTES OF MJ–11 (TH): SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

 

 ****  NOTES   *****

OBJECTIVES: THE OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE IS TO ENABLE STUDENTS –

·         To understand the Software Engineering Practice and the Software Engineering Process Models

·         To understand Design Engineering, Web applications

·         To gain knowledge of the software testing

·         To understand Software Project Management



Saturday, January 3, 2026

Python Programming UNIT 2 Control Structures: Selections: Introduction, Boolean Types, Values, and Expressions, if Statements

 DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK




UNIT 2
 READ  ALL THE NOTES CHAPTER WISE  OF PYTHON

 Control Structures: Selections: Introduction, Boolean Types, Values,   and Expressions, if Statements (FOR F.Y.U.G.P. B. Sc IT SEM 4)

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD 



PYTHON PROGRAMMING UNIT 4: Tuples, Sets, and Dictionaries: Introduction, Tuples: Creating Tuples, Basic



 DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR


READ  ALL THE NOTES CHAPTER WISE  OF PYTHON PROGRAMMING FOR B. SC IT SEM 5 F.Y.U.G.P. 


SUBJECT:- MJ-9 :(Th) PYTHON PROGRAMMING 

LEARN NOTES FROM HERE
PREPARED BY DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK 
©Copyrights MJ-9 PYTHON PROGRAMMING


Copyright © by Dr. Ajay kumar pathak

B. Sc IT SEMESTER 5 NOTES BASED ON NEP

SUBJECT : MJ - 9 (Th): PYTHON PROGRAMMING

(To be selected by the students from)

NOTES OF UNIT 4 OF PYTHON PROGRAMMING

EDP Unit 5: Legal and Ethical Considerations

EDP UNIT 4 Entrepreneurship Development

 DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK

SUBJECT : EDP 

UNIT 4

(Entrepreneurship Development )

MN–2A (Theory): Entrepreneurship Development

 ENTREPRENEURSHIP & INNOVATION:-

OVERVIEW OF PROJECT IDENTIFICATION:-

Project identification is the initial stage of finding the best or suitable business type for yourself. It is the very first phase of choosing or selecting the right business type or the right career option for yourself. Project identification is compiled with many things like the Collection of data, compilation, and analysis of economic data. It can be the most important factor for a person who is looking for some projects or is ready to start a business, but is very confused about what to do next. Project identification is not as simple as it looks; it undergoes many various steps that a person needs to understand completely. The outcome of project identification is often a project proposal or business case document, which includes all the findings from this phase and serves as the foundation for the project’s initiation and planning stages.

Project identification is the front-end of innovation: a systematic way to discover, define, and choose the right project ideas to pursue. It connects a real problem/opportunity with a feasible solution, backed by early evidence from customers and basic numbers.

WHAT ARE THE GOALS OF PROJECT IDENTIFICATION?:-

In project management, the primary purpose of project identification is to create new, worthwhile (useful) projects for the organization. The initial project ideas can come from many different sources, including the following:-

1. Yourself      2. Your supervisors or teammates       3. Customers and end-users   

4. Community members. 5. Other companies and organizations

STEPS OF PROJECT IDENTIFICATION:-

1.         Brainstorming:- You’re probably already familiar with the concept of brainstorming, and this is no different. If you’re unsure where to start, it’s usually helpful to identify specific problems that can be solved through your project. This could be as simple as trying to solve high turnover rates amongst your staff or even something that reaches outside your organization. Every idea is valid during the initial brainstorm session, and you’ll figure out which ones are feasible and worthwhile (use ful) in the following steps.

2.         Initiation:- This is where your project officially starts. Yours Experienced use this stage to develop an initial project brief or scope, but it will likely undergo some revisions in the latter stages of the process.

3.         Feasibility analysis:- Project feasibility analysis is usually performed following its own multi-step process. Some of the common steps are.

(a) Analyzing the validity of the project as a whole (b) Outlining the resources necessary to complete the project ( c) Researching the market to confirm the need for your project (d) Organizing individual project tasks, activities, milestones, and goals (e) Collecting feedback from team members and project stakeholders (f) Making a final decision on whether or not to move forward with the project

4. Project scheduling: -Once you’ve decided to move forward with a project, the next step is to schedule the individual tasks that comprise the project as a whole. To do this, create a list of activities that all lead to an ultimate goal. Provide an estimated timeframe for each task and assign responsibilities to teammates as appropriate.

5. Risk analysis:- Every project carries some amount of risk. Some common risks include:

(a) Scope creep (b) Performance-based risks (c ) External hazards (d) Technological risks (e) Operational risks (f) Communication issues (g) Budgeting and cost risks (h) Lack of necessary skills amongst teammates

6. Close-out:- This is the final stage before pursuing project approval. Use this phase to review the resource and time estimations you’ve made thus far and try to ensure they’re as accurate as possible. Not only will this make the entire process smoother and more efficient, but it will save you from not having enough or having too many resources assigned to the project at hand.

7. Project approval :- The final step before moving forward with your project is to gain the approval of key project stakeholders. If you’ve been diligent (careful) with the project identification process up to this point, most proposed projects should be approved with few, if any, unexpected complications.

E-COMMERCE AND DIGITAL MARKETING UNIT-1

                 DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK

          ASSISTANT PROFESSOR




 READ  ALL THE NOTES CHAPTER WISE  OF E-COMMERCE AND DIGITAL MARKETING FOR SEM 5 F.Y.U.  G.P. 
                     UNIT-1
MN-1C: E-COMMERCE AND DIGITAL MARKETING

LEARN NOTES FROM HERE
PREPARED BY DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK 
©Copyrights MN-1C: E-COMMERCE AND DIGITAL MARKETING

Copyright © by Dr. Ajay kumar pathak

B. Sc IT SEMESTER 5 NOTES BASED ON NEP

SUBJECT : MN–1C  (Minor From Discipline–1

(To be selected by the students from)

MN-1C: E-COMMERCE AND DIGITAL MARKETING

 

MN-1C: E-Commerce and Digital Marketing

4 Credits

60 Class Hours

Semester V.

Course Objectives:

·         To understand the increasing significance of E-Commerce and its applications in Business.

·         To provide an insight into Digital Marketing activities on various Social Media platforms and its emerging significance in Business

·         To understand Latest Trends, Practices in E-Commerce and Digital Marketing,

COURSE CONTENTS:

 

 

Unit-1

(10 Classes)

An overview of E-Business, Models, Types

·        Conceptual Framework of E-Commerce, General Model of Business; Defining E-commerce, Characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, adoption and impact of E- Business., Electronic Data Interchange (EDI); Types of e-Transactions B2B, B2C, C2C, C2B etc., Electronic

Storefronts, E-Marketplace

 

 

Unit-2

(12 Classes)

E-Business Technology and E Security

·        Web Presence – domain registration, website development, developing static and dynamic webpages and hosting, registering the Website with Search Engines.

·        Web server hardware and software; Data centre services.

·        Security – service providers, digital certificates, encryption, SSL, Digital signatures.

 

 

Unit-3

(10 Classes)

Electronic Payment Systems:

·        Overview of electronic Payment Technology, Online payment mechanism; Electronic Payment systems, payment Gateway, EFT, NEFT, RTGS, SWIFT, NFC, Green Channel.

·        Legal issues: Laws for E-Commerce, Issues of Trademarks & Domain Names

 

 

 

Unit-4

(14 Classes)

Digital Marketing I

·        Introduction to Digital Marketing, Advantages and Limitations of Digital Marketing. Keyword research, Competitor analysis in digital marketing.

·        Various Activities of Digital Marketing: Search Engine Algorithm, Search Engine Optimization and stages, Search Engine Marketing, Content Marketing and Content Influencer Marketing, Remarketing, Campaign Marketing, E-mail Marketing, Display Advertising, Blog

Marketing, Viral Marketing, Podcasts and Vodcasts.

 

 

Unit-5

(14 Classes)

Digital Marketing II

·        The P.O.E.M. framework.

·        Digital Marketing on Various Social Media Platforms.

·        Online Advertisement, Online Marketing Research, Online PR.

·        Web Analytics.

·        Promoting Web Traffic.

·        Latest Developments and Strategies in Digital Marketing.


REFERENCE BOOK:

1)      Agarwala & Agarwala, E-Commerce

2)      Bajaj & Nag, E-Business (TMH: New Delhi)

3)      E-Commerce: An Indian Perspective Paperback Import, 30 Nov 2015-by P. T. Joseph

4)      Gupta, Seema (2018). Digital Marketing.McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Ltd.

5)      Frost, Raymond D., Alexa Fox, and Judy Strauss (2018). E- Marketing. Routledge

6)      Agarwal anita, Kotian Vasant Rahul, Agarwal Tushar, Kannan Vijayalaxmi. 2016, E-Commerce and Digital Marketing, Himalaya Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,


****  NOTES   *****

 

UNIT-1   :-     AN OVERVIEW OF E-BUSINESS, MODELS, TYPES

 

NOTE:- MEANING OF E-COMMERCE:- E-commerce refers to performing online commercial transactions and activities over the internet. It includes activities like making monetary transactions, selling and buying products, etc., over the internet. Applications (Apps) and websites are required for e-commerce. Some of the e-commerce activities include the following:

A
ü  Paying different taxes
ü  Ticketing over the internet
ü  Products sold or purchased online
ü  Online payments
ü  Online customer support
ü  Online accounting software

Examples of e-commerce are online retailers like Flipkart, Amazon, Paytm mall, and Myntra, sellers of digital goods like online services, ebooks, etc.

Meaning of E-Business

E-BUSINESS :- E-business refers to performing all types of business activities through the internet. It includes activities like customer education, procurement of goods/raw materials, supply activities, selling and buying products, making monetary transactions, etc., over the internet. Websites, Apps, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), etc., are required for e-business. The e-business activities include the following:


ü  Supply chain management
ü  Setting up online stores
ü  Customer education
ü  Email marketing
ü  Monetary business transactions

Online commercial transactions (selling and buying products):- Examples of e-business are e-commerce companies and their different internal business activities, classified site, auction site, software and hardware developer site, etc.

E COMMERCE VS E BUSINESS

Factor

E Commerce

E Business

Definition

Buying and selling goods /  services online.

Conducting all business activities online.

Scope

Limited to online transactions.

Covers the entire business process, including internal operations.

Technology Used

Websites, payment gateways, shopping carts.

CRM, ERP, cloud computing, AI, social media.

Focus Area

Customers and online sales.

Internal and external business processes.

Examples

Amazon, Flipkart, eBay.

Google, Infosys, PayPal.


AN OVERVIEW OF E-BUSINESS:-

The term "e-business" was coined by IBM's marketing and Internet team in 1996.

Electronic business (also known as online business or e-business) is any kind of business or commercial activity that includes sharing information across the internet. E-businesses utilize the internet, intranets, extranets and other networks to support their commercial processes.

E-commerce, or electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. In this kind of transaction, the seller does not have to face the buyer to communicate. Few examples of e-commerce are online shopping, online ticket booking, online banking, social networking, etc. It involves the use of electronic platforms, such as websites, mobile applications, and social media, to conduct transactions between businesses and consumers or between businesses. E-commerce has. E-commerce focuses on the use of ICT ( Information and Communication Technologies ) to enable the external activities and relationships of the business with individuals, groups, and other organizations, while e-business does not only deal with online commercial operations of enterprises, but also deals with their other organizational matters such as human resource management and production.

Electronic business can take place between a very large number of market participants; it can be between business and consumer, private individuals, public administrations, or any other organizations such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

UNIT 5 SOFTWARE TESTING (UNIT NAME) :- TEST AUTOMATION TOOLS AND EMERGING TRENDS

  DR. AJAY KUMAR PATHAK  ASSISTANT PROFESSOR READ  ALL THE NOTES CHAPTER WISE   MINOR PAPER   SUBJECT NAME:-   MN–2C (Th):- SOFTWARE TESTING...